政府间事权划分思路的比较与综合:基于中国现实的分析

政府间事权划分的传统思路是基于政府是公共产品供给主体这一基本认识,在既定的层级制政府架构下完成公共产品供给事权划分,具体采用了按公共产品种类、受益范围、部门单位隶属关系以及按事权构成要素进行划分的方法,但都难以完全做到在体现公平和效率原则的前提下明晰划分政府间事权.本文基于公共产品多中心供给这一基本认识,引入"功能覆盖型竞争性辖区"理论,把从公共产品的具体性质分析入手,通过设计、选择合适的供给主体来完成公共产品供给事权划分的思路称之为新思路.通过比较,可发现两种思路各有得失.因此,优化政府间事权划分,应实现两种思路的结合,以传统思路为主,新思路为辅.对遵循传统思路难以在层级制政府间明晰划分事权的公共产品,可具体问题具体分析,考虑选择合适的非政府供给主体,实现公共产品的多中心供给,这有助于解决政府间事权划分的棘手难题.     

Drastic innovations and multiplicity of optimal licensing policies

Considering the licensing of a drastic cost-reducing innovation by an outside innovator in an n-firm Cournot oligopoly, we show that when the innovator uses combinations of fees and royalties, there are either n − 1 or n optimal licensing policies.     

A New Approach to Gravity Anomaly Separation: Differential Markov Random Field (DMRF)

In this paper the authors introduce a novel approach to stochastic image processing, denoted as Differential Markov Random Field (DMRF), which has been applied to gravity anomaly separation problems. The advantages of the method are that it introduces only little distortion into the shape of the original image and that it is not affected significantly by factors such as the overlap power spectra of regional and residual fields. Testing of the proposed meth using synthetic examples gave excellent results.     

The World Social Forum as an emergent learning process

One of the most prominent manifestations of world civil politics today—and arguably, in history—is the World Social Forum, set up in 2000-2001, which held its first world meeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in January 2001. Beginning with the emphasis on opposition to neo-liberal globalisation, the ferment generated by the Forum soon gave rise to its evocative slogan, ‘Another World Is Possible!’ and the emphasis moved from opposition to developing specific alternative proposals for a world level political and economic system. In the last few years, the WSF has evolved into a permanent, horizontal open public space, a commons, which provides an opportunity to diverse organisations and individuals from all over the world to meet and dialogue across boundaries and to interact and exchange information in multifarious ways to work towards making another world possible. This paper examines the dynamics of the WSF process and argues why perhaps it is one of the most significant developments of the last century, which is giving rise to another, more open culture of politics and is forging a great piece of public ‘architecture’ in our times. The WSF is not only calling for another world, in a sense it contains the other world, or plural other worlds!     

The role of generally accepted reporting methods in the public sector: An empirical test

This study explores the role of standard or generally accepted accounting and reporting methods in the public sector. It differs from prior studies that address public sector accounting issues in that it considers more directly how the political process influences decisions to report financial information. The primary contention is that adopting standard reporting methods reduces costs to public officials that arise from factors that characterize political markets. Empirical evidence based on data from the state governments is consistent with this contention, but theoretical and methodological problems restrict our ability to ascertain which specific factors are relevant.     

The use of initial fees and royalties in business-format franchising

This paper provides an explanation of franchising's fee structure, drawing on principal agency and labor economics theory. The predictive framework includes constructs such as channel control, franchisor services, franchisee risk and the franchisor's capital constraints. The empirical investigation of a representative sample of franchise chains indicates that channel control is the major factor influencing the payment design. The results are used to test managerial implications about the use of an optimal fee structure in the growth of chains.     

Does Local Competition Impact Interest Rates Charged on Small Business Loans? Empirical Evidence from Canada

Using a unique survey database of Canadian small business loans,we find a negative and statistically significant relation between the number of localcompetitors and small business loan rates. This result is robust to the presence of a wide varietyof covariates intended to proxy the effects of both loan specific details and individualcharacteristics. These findings further suggest that the local markets definition applied to small businessloans is still relevant, despite recent technological innovation such as internet banking.     

Misalignment of the Baht and its Trade Balance Consequences for Thailand in the 1980s and 1990s

This paper examines Thailand's pre‐crisis exchange rate policy, focusing on the degree of the country's real exchange rate misalignment pre‐crisis and its consequent effects on Thailand's trade balance with its two large trading partners, the US and Japan, in the 1980s and 1990s. Defining misalignment as the difference between actual and ‘equilibrium’ exchange rates, we estimate three key ‘equilibrium’ exchange rates of the Thai baht: (a) the real effective equilibrium exchange rate of the Thai baht against its twenty‐two major trading partners; (b) the bilateral real equilibrium exchange rates of the baht against the US dollar; and (c) the bilateral real equilibrium exchange rate of the baht against the Japanese yen.     

杀菌剂现场投加方案优化

通过对胜利油田注入水SRB含量的现状调查,分析影响SRB达标率的主要原因。通过现场投加方式的优化,有效控制系统SRB的滋生,保证水质沿程稳定。