统筹城乡社会养老保险实施路径与战略布置

统筹城乡社会养老保险的基本路径是:"城乡分割→统一筹划、制度有别→制度统一、标准有别→城乡一体化",到2030年建立起覆盖全面、标准适当的城乡一体化的社会养老保险制度。措施有:明确城乡"制度统一,标准有别"的社会养老保险改革的条件和内容;重点抓好农村养老保险制度建设,进一步改革与完善城镇社会养老保险制度,缩小城乡差距;打破传统的社会养老保险对象的划分标准,建立城乡一体化的社会养老保险管理体制等。     

外部融资依赖、金融发展与比较优势变迁——基于中国制造业部门的行业分析

基于外部融资依赖的视角,本文实证分析了中国的金融发展与比较优势变迁之间的关系,结论认为:中国的金融发展构成比较优势变迁的重要因素,但由于外部融资依赖度的不同,中国的金融发展对各行业比较优势的影响存在差异性。高外部融资依赖行业的比较优势得到了显著提升,而低外部融资依赖行业的比较优势却相对稳定。     

基于熵权Topsis的淮河生态经济带水资源承载力评价

[目的]评价发展规划驱动下的水资源承载力特征,为区域发展提供科学依据。[方法]以淮河生态经济带为对象,采用熵权重的Topsis评价方法,分析淮河生态经济带水资源承载力的区域差异及其影响因素。[结果] 2015年不同市县水资源承载力综合得分介于0. 305 8～0. 698 8之间,其中盐城市最高,桐柏县最低;境内江苏、安徽、河南3省的水资源承载力分别为0. 585 2、0. 478 2、0. 524 9。[结论](1)淮河生态经济带水资源承载力具有在淮河干流上、下游承载力高,但中游偏低的空间分布特征。(2)水资源系统层面,水资源总量是承载力高低的供给侧决定性因素,是水资源承载力高低的重要基础。(3)社会系统中,用水量与用水结构是提升和优化水资源承载力的调控性因素。(4)城镇化发展与人口增加是水资源承载力高低的胁迫性因素,而经济发展水平是水资源承载力调控的重要保证。     

论中国人口与可持续发展的关系

本文在扼要说明可持续发展提出的历史背景和含义的基础上,着重论述我国面临的主要问题是人口与资源、环境、经济、社会可持续发展的关系,进而阐明了走可持续发展道路是我国的必然选择。     

Warehouse location problems for air freight forwarders: a challenge created by the airport relocation

The move of Hong Kong International Airport from the city centre to a suburban area in July 1998 provided sufficient capacity to meet the increasing demand of passenger and air-cargo flows in Hong Kong in the foreseeable future. However, the move has adverse side effects such as causing the readjustment of many existing systems and creating many imminent strategic problems. One of such problems is the warehouse location of freight forwarders: they have to decide whether they should locate their warehouses in the new airport, in current locations, or in new locations somewhere in the city. This paper delineates the results of a survey conducted in the summer of 1997 before the airport was relocated. The survey asked what decisions the freight forwarders had made and how they evaluated some potential warehouse locations. The paper also considers two mathematical models, which explain and predict, respectively, the location pattern of freight forwarder warehouses before and after the relocation of the airport.     

不同利用方式下草地CH4、CO2及N2O通量研究

[目的]在全球气候变化背景下,研究天然草地和人工草地的温室气体通量以及与部分环境因子的相关关系,进而明确不同草地对温室气体通量的影响情况,为当地相关部门合理开发利用草地提供理论依据,推进草业绿色发展、高质量发展。[方法]文章以内蒙古自治区的阿鲁科尔沁旗选取退化的天然牧草地、混播型放牧人工草地以及刈割型人工牧草地为研究对象,利用目前较为普遍的箱法进行了野外实验,对比分析不同草地利用类型的主要温室气体CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的通量变化情况,并进一步探讨了温室气体与土壤含水量、箱内温度、地表温度以及其他土壤养分指标的相关性。[结果](1)不同利用方式下草地的CO₂通量在整个生长季均表现为排放,其中刈割人工草地的CO₂排放量为67.00±9.15 mg/(m²·h),显著高于放牧人工草地35.50±5.37 mg/(m²·h)和天然草地30.17±4.57 mg/(m²·h)(P<0.05),且CO₂     

福建食品安全监管体系先行先试研究

通过探讨食品质量安全标准与规范以及食品卫生监管问题,立足供应链,从政府、企业和消费者的角度,提出福建省食品安全监管体系先行先试的对策建议。     

“十二五”战略定位与地区发展因应:重庆证据

以重庆十二五规划总体思路研究为案例,构建地区发展定位的理论分析框架,分析影响和制约因素,详细阐述重庆未来发展的五大定位:经济上成为西部的重要增长极和商务之都;城市上建成西部最大最强的绿色城市群和基础设施网络;开放上建成西部对内对外开放的重要高地;生态上建成长江中上游最大的生态安全保障区之一;社会发展上建成全国统筹城乡改革发展示范区。基于市情分析、发展阶段判断以及战略定位,重庆十二五战略目标可概括为三个率先,即率先在西部地区实现全面建设小康社会,率先在西部地区转变发展方式,率先在西部地区实现城乡统筹。     

The assignment of call option rights between partners in international joint ventures

We examine call option rights as a contractual clause in international joint ventures (IJVs) and propose that the assignment of the call option right in an IJV is determined by certain ex ante asymmetries between the partners. Results show that between the two partners in an IJV, the firm with greater complementarity with the venture and greater prior IJV experience is more likely to hold the call option right; in addition, the firm's contractual choice on the call option right and its ownership choice on a greater initial equity stake are substitutive. Our focus on explicit call options advances the real options theory of collaborative agreements, and our results also highlight that option rights be considered an important part of alliance design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding Business Relationship Management in China： A Power and Leverage Perspective

This paper examines whether a power and leverage perspective, successfully applied to analyse extended buyer-supplier relationships in a western context, can be used to analyse business relationships in China. A single embedded case study is presented in this paper and a power and leverage approach is used to analyse business relationships. The power and leverage perspective is applicable for investigating buyer-supplier relationships in a Chinese cultural context. However, in this context using power as coercion is an extremely counterproductive relationship management strategy, which can draw both buyers and suppliers in to a ＂no-win＂ or negative sum situation. The findings are based upon a single case, which makes drawing generalisable conclusions more difficult. In addition, although every effort was made to limit the subjectivity of the power and relationship analysis, researcher interpretation of the data was required. In the Chinese business context, it may not be advisable to manage any relationships in an arms-length manner. Chinese business networks are centred on less explicit or formal power relationships and therefore companies that have learnt the rules of the game of exchange in the west need to modify their approach in China. This work extends the understanding of buyer-supplier relationships and provides additional empirical evidence validating a power and leverage perspective. In addition, the paper provides the first assessment of whether this approach can be used in a non-western context without significant modification.