Toward standardization in socioeconomic modeling: Concepts for the second generation of modeling tools

Standardization in modeling is understood here as a strategic process to improve the transfer of models and modeling know-how, to diminish the gap between model builders and model users, and to make the art of modeling an honorable science on a consolidated basis. Within the wide spectrum of standardization efforts, this paper reflects on a general approach for an improvement of model transfer, based on technical concepts for the next generation of software tools. These tools will be developed for large-scale modeling activities. Three formal software concepts to meet these needs are discussed: modularization, software interfaces, and integrated modeling systems. Although modularization is understood here as a concept characterizing the transferable good (the models), the other two concepts refer to output (or input) characteristics of the modeling tools and to their performance requirements. Some remarks on implementation of technical standards are added.     

An Evaluation of the Vanderbilt-JCEE Experimental PSI Course in Elementary Economics

This is considerably longer than articles normally accepted by the JEE, but we considered it to be an important follow-up of our Special Issue No. 2, “The Vanderbilt-JCEE Experimental Course in Elementary Economics.” (Winter 1974.) The authors address a number of aspects of PSI, some of which have rarely been touched upon by other researchers interested in this method. This paper deals not only with student learning and student reactions to PSI, but with its effects on performance in higher level economics courses, its impact on the student proctors in terms of their learning of economics, and the costs of establishing and maintaining a PSI course. Siegfried and Strand have not answered all the questions pertaining to self-paced instruction but, along with Allison, Billings, Fels, Soper, Spector, Tietenberg and others, they have contributed significantly to our knowledge of the effectiveness of PSI.     

Dekubitusprophylaxe: Zeit macht Druck

Dokumentation

Dekubitusberatung     

The integration of Japan into the world economy and its meaning for Germany

Japan is currently still characterized by a low degree of import integration in the field of finished products. What are the reasons behind this? What can be done to remove the existing trade imbalances vis-à-vis Western industrialized countries? What, on the other hand, can be learned from the Japanese?     

Exploring the missing point of view in international advertising management: local managers in global advertising agencies

In the decades-long debates about whether standardised or adapted strategies are better for global brands, and whether centralised or decentralised international communications planning is more effective, little attention has been given to the perspective of local managers in the subsidiaries of global agencies. This paper reports on the experiences and opinions of account managers and creative directors in Korean subsidiaries, with regard to the international advertising policies of their agencies and clients. The authors find less centralisation than prior research has reported and yet more negative experiences with standardised global advertising. Creativity is a key consideration for the Korean managers, especially for products, be they consumer or industrial, that have universal demand. The perspective of subsidiary managers in multinational corporations should be considered in the advertising planning process in order to avoid conflict which could decrease the effectiveness of global campaigns.