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111.
The tourism industry is one of the largest industries in the world, and despite recent events that have made its operating
environment more complex, the industry continues to grow [Theobald, 2005, Global Tourism, 3rd edn., Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier]. Commensurate to the size of the industry is a growth in the number of students pursuing
degree courses in tourism around the world. Despite an increasingly sophisticated literature, the relative recency of the
industry and its study has meant little attention has been paid in the ethics literature to the dilemmas facing tourism managers
and its students. Based on interviews with senior members of the tourism industry six scenarios are developed with pertinence
to the challenges faced by industry practitioners today. This paper then applies the Multidimensional Ethics Scale [Reidenbach
and Robin, 1990, Journal of Business Ethics, 9, 639–653] to tourism students at three prominent universities in the U.K., Canada and Australia. In total, 438 responses
are achieved. The results have importance for the instruction of tourism students for the future, but also in informing decisions
about the tools tourism destinations can effectively employ to control the future direction of the industry 相似文献
112.
This paper proposes that risk aversion encourages individuals to invest in balanced skill profiles, making them more likely to become entrepreneurs. By not taking this possible linkage into account, previous research has underestimated the impacts of both risk aversion and balanced skills on the likelihood individuals choose entrepreneurship. Data on Dutch university graduates provide an illustration supporting our contention. We raise the possibility that even risk-averse people might be suited to entrepreneurship; and it may also help explain why prior research has generated somewhat mixed evidence about the effects of risk aversion on selection into entrepreneurship. 相似文献
113.
Simon Bishop 《Intereconomics》2002,37(1):12-18
Conclusions The new approach to assessing the competitive effects of vertical agreements is to be welcomed. For too long, European competition
law on vertical restraints has been dominated by the “block-exemption dependency culture” that has stifled discussion about
economic effects and cut down the number of reasoned decisions the Commission has been forced to issue.
There is however a long way to go before a fully coherent policy on vertical agreements is developed, and this paper has highlighted
some areas where the current views on the application of the new approach are either misconceived or incomplete. In particular,
there remains a danger that the number of decisions will be stifled by excessive reliance on market share tests. Under the
new regime, there should be a strong onus on the Commission and national competition authorities both to develop and extend
the economic thinking contained in its Guidelines and to produce reasoned decisions that set out what agreements will be viewed
as acceptable and those which will not. 相似文献
114.
Simon J. Evenett 《Intereconomics》2007,42(3):143-155
In recent years the bipolar multilateral trading system of the post-war years has given way to a multipolar alternative. Although
many specifics have yet to be determined, some contours of this new trade policy landscape are coming into focus. This article
examines their implications for the EU's external commercial policy. Particular attention is given to both the state of business-government
relations and the propensity to liberalise under the auspices of reciprocal trade agreements by Brazil, India, and China,
the potential new poles of the world trading system.
I thank John Curtis and Bob Wolfe for stimulating my thinking on this subject in a recent conversation on the multipolar trading
system. I also thank Roderick Abbott, Richard Baldwin, Krishna Gupta, Bernard Hoekman, Patrick Low, and John Whalley for helpful
comments on the first draft of this paper. I alone am responsible for the errors contained herein. 相似文献
115.
In two experiments, we show that the beliefs women have about the controllability of their weight (i.e., weight locus of control)
influences their responses to advertisements featuring a larger-sized female model or a slim female model. Further, we examine
self-referencing as a mechanism for these effects. Specifically, people who believe they can control their weight (“internals”),
respond most favorably to slim models in advertising, and this favorable response is mediated by self-referencing. In contrast,
people who feel powerless about their weight (“externals”), self-reference larger-sized models, but only prefer larger-sized
models when the advertisement is for a non-fattening product. For fattening products, they exhibit a similar preference for
larger-sized models and slim models. Together, these experiments shed light on the effect of model body size and the role
of weight locus of control in influencing consumer attitudes.
相似文献
Brett A. S. MartinEmail: |
116.
AbstractThis study examined gender’s effects on attitudes and tendencies to share online ads containing comedic violence. The results show that males enjoyed comedic violence more than females, when the perpetrator of the comedic violence was male, regardless of the victim’s sex; and, when the perpetrator and victim were both female. When the perpetrator and victim were of different sexes, the impact of attitudes toward comedic violence on sharing the ad varied by gender. However, when the victim and perpetrator were of the same sex, there was no significant gender difference in the effects of attitudes toward sharing the ad. 相似文献
117.
Simon Hudson 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,76(4):385-396
For many years, the actions of Myanmar’s military government have provoked domestic discontent and strong condemnation overseas.
The government is encouraging tourism in an attempt to legitimize its actions whilst generating valuable foreign currency.
However, a number of organizations are urging people to avoid travel to Myanmar and thus prevent the military junta from obtaining
the hard currency and global legitimacy it needs to survive. In this article, the ethical arguments for and against tourism
in Myanmar are discussed, and for the first time the ethical perceptions of tourists themselves are explored. The study applied
the Multidimensional Ethics Scale to a group of 376 Myanmar visitors, finding that respondents were generally in favor of
tourism in Myanmar, but were uncomfortable with the ethical implications of their visit.
Simon Hudson is an Associate Professor in the Haskayne School of Business at the University of Calgary. He has a marketing
degree from Brighton, England, an MBA from California, and a PhD from Surrey, England. Prior to working in academia, he spent
several years working in the tourism industry in Europe, and six years running his own business. Dr Hudson has published numerous
journal articles and book chapters from his work, and has three books to his name; Snow Business, Sport & Adventure Tourism
and Tourism & Hospitality Marketing. 相似文献
118.
Simon Tormey 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2007,30(3):263-280
This paper makes the case for regarding political consumption and more generally individual collective action as an instance
of “everyday resistance.” In doing so it seeks to make connection with the political case against representative politics,
one that stretches back to the origins of “official” politics at the start of the 19th century. Three moments in the history
of the idea of everyday resistance are presented: Max Stirner’s egoistic individualism, Leo Tolstoy’s critique of violence,
and Agnes Heller’s evocation of the everyday as a site of civic courage. The examples show the longevity and persistence in
political thought of the idea of the individual as the locus of social power, one that puts it at odds with the normative
assumptions of theories of representation. They also show the dangers of assuming that individual collective action can unproblematically
be considered a form of participation in democratic processes as opposed to a resistance against incorporation into mainstream
or “official” politics. Rights which are often at the core of efforts of activists become remodelled as a weapon of contingent
“everyday” struggles as opposed to a universal or transcendentally posited phenomenon.
相似文献
Simon TormeyEmail: |
119.
Viktor Manahov Mona Soufian Robert Hudson 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2014,21(1):1-18
Market structure and individual rationality remain at the centre of a debate as to which is the main driving force in market performance. We examine the role of individual rationality, comparing zero‐intelligence traders with traders with different levels of intelligence using a special adaptive form of strongly typed genetic programming‐based learning algorithm. We use this approach with real data: historical quotes of the S&P 500 and Coca‐Cola stock prices. We find a mixture of positive and negative impacts from intelligence on market performance. Because the concept of market structure as a driving force has been significantly challenged in the literature, we suggest that the inclusion of both intelligence and market structures is important when examining the driving forces of market performance. This inclusion is consistent with the research of Todd and Gigerenzer (Journal of Economic Psychology, 24 (2003) 143–165), which asserts that both environment (market structure) and agents’ cognition play important roles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
120.
This paper will demonstrate how European and American option prices can be computed under the jump-diffusion model using the radial basis function (RBF) interpolation scheme. The RBF interpolation scheme is demonstrated by solving an option pricing formula, a one-dimensional partial integro-differential equation (PIDE). We select the cubic spline radial basis function and adopt a simple numerical algorithm (Briani et al. in Calcolo 44:33–57, 2007) to establish a finite computational range for the improper integral of the PIDE. This algorithm reduces the truncation error of approximating the improper integral. As a result, we are able to achieve a higher approximation accuracy of the integral with the application of any quadrature. Moreover, we a numerical technique termed cubic spline factorisation (Bos and Salkauskas in J Approx Theory 51:81–88, 1987) to solve the inversion of an ill-conditioned RBF interpolant, which is a well-known research problem in the RBF field. Finally, our numerical experiments show that in the European case, our RBF-interpolation solution is second-order accurate for spatial variables, while in the American case, it is second-order accurate for spatial variables and first-order accurate for time variables. 相似文献