中国马铃薯分省碳足迹核算与减排策略研究——基于生命周期评价法

目的 核算马铃薯碳足迹,分析马铃薯碳足迹变化特征,探寻碳减排途径,为农业固碳减排和实现碳达峰碳中和目标提供数据支撑。方法 文章利用生命周期评价法（Life Cycle Assessment,LCA）对2011—2020年中国马铃薯种植阶段的碳足迹进行核算,研究分析各种植区以及省级马铃薯碳足迹年际变化和马铃薯碳足迹构成,为马铃薯典型种植区提供减排建议。结果 2011—2020年中国省级马铃薯碳排放总量呈现波浪式下降趋势。在时间尺度上,马铃薯单位面积碳足迹呈现明显的上升趋势,年均增长77.5kg CO₂eq/hm²（P<0.01）;单位产量碳足迹呈现缓慢降低趋势,平均每10年下降0.129t CO₂eq/t （P <0.1）;在空间尺度上,北方一作区和西南单双季作区的马铃薯的单位面积碳足迹处于正增长状态,马铃薯的单位产量碳足迹在除甘肃、新疆以外的大部分地区处于减少状态,马铃薯还有很大的减排空间。在马铃薯碳足迹构成中,肥料（77.72%）是马铃薯种植阶段碳足迹的主要来源,其次是农膜（9.64%）和灌溉（8.46%）。结论 综合比较马铃薯各地区的碳足迹发现,西南单双季作区和南方冬作区的减排潜力最大,其次是中原二作区和北方一作区,马铃薯减排重心逐渐南移。马铃薯减排增产已取得了阶段性成果,未来仍有很大发展空间,其中肥料是马铃薯减排的主要入手点,各种植区应制定适合本区特征的减排方案,大力推广先进减排技术,实现马铃薯减排与增产协同发展。     

软硬结合分类方法提取特定地物信息*——以冬小麦为例

[目的]针对影像上纯净、混合像元共存的现象,文章结合硬分类方法和软分类方法各自的优势,提出了目标地物信息的软硬结合的分类方法。[方法]该方法将遥感影像划分为典型目标地物像元、非目标地物像元和混合目标地物像元3个部分。典型的目标地物像元和非目标地物像元,采用硬分类方法(ISODATA)聚类确定类型;混合目标地物像元采用非线性支撑向量回归混合像元分解模型,从目标地物端元光谱库和非目标地物端元光谱库中多次随机选择像元,进行目标地物不同丰度值的混合像元模拟,构建样本库进行支撑向量回归,提取出混合像元的目标地物丰度。该文以冬小麦为研究对象,选用2006年4月7日的TM影像,采用软硬结合的分类方法进行冬小麦识别。[结果]较传统的硬、软分类方法,软硬结合分类方法精度高,总体精度达到了90.2%;而软分类方法为86.6%,硬分类方法为81.6%。[结论]软硬结合的分类方法克服了硬分类方法对混合像元信息提取受到光谱不确定影响,也克服了软分类方法受到光谱异质性干扰的问题。该分类方法简便、易操作,适合单目标特定地物的信息提取。     

Factorial validation of hospitality service attitude

Numerous studies have shown that service attitude is a cornerstone of the client's perception of service quality. However, little research has explored the construct of service attitude from the customers’ perspective. This study collected data from two sets of samples consisting of 448 customers from international hotels in Taiwan. Through a rigorous process, the results testify service attitude, the most frequently mentioned sub-dimension of interaction quality, and conclude its four dimensions: Problem-solving, empathy, enthusiasm, and friendliness. Implications for practical applications and research limitations are also provided.     

Most cited business ethics publications: mapping the intellectual structure of business ethics studies in 2001–2008

This study explores the research paradigms of contemporary business ethics research in 2001–2008. With citation data from the top two business ethics journals included in the Social Sciences Citation Index, this study conducts citation and co‐citation analysis to identify the most important publications, scholars, and research themes in the business ethics area and then maps the intellectual structure of business ethics studies between 2001 and 2008. The results show that current business ethics studies cluster around four major research themes, including morality and social contract theory, ethical decision making, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder theory. This study helps profile the invisible network of knowledge production in business ethics and provides important insights on current research paradigms of business ethics studies.     

The relationship between team communication,structure, and academic R&D performance: empirical evidence of the national telecommunication program in Taiwan

This research evaluates the frontier National Telecommunication Program (NTP) in Taiwan using the data envelopment analysis approach and analyzes the influence of team communication and structure on R&D performance by establishing a structural equation modeling relationship. The results show that team communication is highly correlated with R&D performance. The high‐scored projects have internal communication patterns with a higher meeting frequency but shorter dialogue duration, a uniform distribution of regular meetings, a scheme for the lower hierarchy to meet with the project leader, a well‐managed channel to access accumulative expertise, and an open forum for communication. They also have external communication patterns with a gatekeeper bridging inward and outward information, a lower frequency of time‐consuming external sourcing, and a higher frequency of external cooperation, referencing, learning, and benchmarking. Though team structure has no significant influence on R&D performance, the high‐scored research group focused more on the structural dimensions of research strategy, laboratory management, and motivation incentives. This research will provide effective principles of project management to team leaders and industrial policy guidelines to program sponsors.     

Firm characteristics,alternative factors,and asset-pricing anomalies: evidence from Japan

Based on the errors-in-variables-free approach proposed by Brennan et al. [J. Financial Econ., 1998, 49, 345–373], we investigate the competing explanatory capabilities of alternative multi-factor models when examining various asset-pricing anomalies using Japanese data for the period 1978–2006. We find that turnover and book-to-market (BM) ratio are the two major characteristics that significantly explain the average stock returns. A further sub-period analysis reveals that the turnover effect is significant only before 1990, but cannot be explained by any multifactor models. In contrast, the BM premium is significant only after 1990, and can be explained by the Fama–French three-factor model. Thus, the results suggest that asset-pricing anomalies documented in the literature are not universal, and may be different across different markets.     

Effects of product quality certification on quality perceptions of stores' own brands

Retail stores' own brands offer an alternative to national brands, but a perception of inferior quality deters potential purchasers. This study investigates the role of third-party quality certification labels in overcoming that weakness. Data collected from 268 mall shoppers in Taiwan revealed for two distinct household products that quality certification significantly enhanced perceptions of the quality of the store brands and had relatively little influence on the perceived quality of the national brands. Managerial implications are discussed, and fruitful directions for future research suggested.     

Risk aversion,order strategy and price formation

Since goods classified as non-durable may, in fact, have a durable component, random-walk tests of the permanent income hypothesis using non-durable data series may yield incorrect results. This paper investigates this problem by first simulating a model of consumption to show the effects of durability on statistical tests of non-durable consumption models, and then by applying these tests to various disaggregated consumption series to determine the effect in practice. The paper finds that there are significant differences in the behaviour of the series within the non-durables and services catagories, and that these differences may be related to durability. The effect of this on standard tests of consumption is discussed.     

浅谈如何做好新时期水利档案工作

水利档案是水利部门对水资源规划、水利建设、水利管理工作的依据,是水利部门进行水利建设的真实记录。建立完整、准确、系统的水利档案,充分利用水利档案,对加快全社会的水利建设,提高各地区的经济效益和社会效益都有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。现在当务之急是要转变观念,把握机遇,使水利档案改革与水利改革相适应,水利档案事业的发展要跟上水利事业的前进步伐,更好地为水利事业的发展建设提供服务。     

Assessing the asymmetric impact of interpretation environment service quality on museum visitor experience and post-visit behavioral intentions: a case study of the National Palace Museum

This paper examines the asymmetric positive–negative relationship between interpretation environment service quality, museum visitor experience, and post-visit behavioral intentions. The researchers collected 406 valid questionnaires from visitors to the main exhibit building in the National Palace Museum. Results suggest that the asymmetric effect differs depending on the attribute being examined. When visitors reported their perceptions of personal and sociocultural interpretation environment services, negative perceptions had a larger impact on museum visitor experience than positive perceptions. Moreover, results suggest that museum visitor experience functions as a mediator between perceptions of interpretation environment service quality and post-visit behavioral intentions.