Towards a complete real-time electricity market design

The general design for the real-time electricity market presented in this paper optimizes and prices both real and reactive power simultaneously in an AC setting, where all assets—generation, load and transmission—are allowed to bid and are financially settled at the locational price times energy consumed or produced. The result is that transmission lines are compensated for both capacity and admittance, providing incentives for efficient operation of transmission-related assets such as FACTS devices, if price-taking behavior is assumed. Losses are incorporated into the design and become an operating cost for transmission. The market design is shown to be revenue neutral and, under some assumptions, nonconfiscatory.      

试论加入WTO后我国反倾销形势及应对策略

我国已经胜利加入世界贸易组织。在WTO框架下，各成员国之间进行国际贸易活动时，不得采取非正当手段进行竞争或扭曲竞争，从而实现公平贸易。然而，在当前国际贸易中，一些发达家为了自己的经济利益，打着“实现公平贸易”，“维护公平竞争环境”的旗号，挥舞起“反倾销”大棒，对发展中国家的正常贸易进行制裁，造成大量摩擦，实质是典型的贸易保护主义。一、国际贸易中的倾销与反倾销倾销是指一出口国以低于正常价值的价格将本国产品销售到另一国，造成进口国相同行业受到巨大损失，是一种价格歧视和掠夺行为，一旦把进口国的同类产品…     

产业升级、贸易政策与经济转型

产业升级是经济转型的内驱动力，贸易政策对于产业升级具有制约作用，是经济转型的外驱力量。政府通过设计合理的激励机制，将两种力量聚合，积极推动经济转型，从而缩短经济转型的时间进程。     

Komplexität erfolgreich steuern — 27. Österreichischer Controllertag in Wien

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Village Elections,Accountability and Income Distribution in Rural China

1. Introduction The village election was first envisioned by the late chairman of the National People’sCongress (NPC), Mr Peng Zhen, in the mid-1980s to enhance village governance after the commune system was dissolved in China in the early 1980s. In 1987, the NPC passed a tentative version of The Organic Law of the Village Committee (OLVC), and started a 10 year experiment of village elections. In 1998, the NPC formally passed the law and elections quickly spread to the whole count…     

A generalization of Condorcet’s Jury Theorem to weighted voting games with many small voters

We extend Condorcet’s Jury Theorem (Essai sur l’application de l’analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix. De l’imprimerie royale, 1785) to weighted voting games with voters of two kinds: a fixed (possibly empty) set of ‘major’ voters with fixed weights, and an ever-increasing number of ‘minor’ voters, whose total weight is also fixed, but where each individual’s weight becomes negligible. As our main result, we obtain the limiting probability that the jury will arrive at the correct decision as a function of the competence of the few major players. As in Condorcet’s result the quota q = 1/2 is found to play a prominent role. I wish to thank Maurice Koster, Moshé Machover, Guillermo Owen and two anonymous referees for helpful comments.     

Background Risk and the Performance of Insurance Markets under Adverse Selection

Background risk can influence the performance of insurance markets that must deal with adverse selection when applicants are risk vulnerable, since they are more averse to bearing the insurable risk as a result of their exposures to background risk. We show that background risk always results in a lower deductible for the incentive constrained contract, and that a broader range of markets attains the stable sequential equilibrium cross-subsidized pair of separating contracts. We conclude that background risk always improves the performance of markets for coverage against (insurable) foreground risks that must deal with adverse selection. We also find, however, that these improvements are never sufficient to offset the cost to insureds of bearing the background risk.     

中国的进口战略调整

改革开放初期形成的以"出口创汇和技术引进"为基础的贸易战略已经不能适应中国当前和未来的贸易形势,而"市场多元化战略"、"以质取胜战略"和"科技兴贸战略"等贸易战略更多的是一种出口战略.面对新的国际国内环境,中国应该采取怎样的进口战略呢?以"安全"、"发展"为目标的进口战略可能是中国目前的最好选择.为了实现安全和发展这两个战略目标,在当前和未来几年可以采取"抓住两头、放开中间、促进平衡"的进口政策.     

多元转型：我国民营经济持续发展的动力

民营经济是我国国民经济的基本组成部分，其运行和发展受到外部环境和自身状况诸多因素的综合作用。只有从内、外部同时入手，实现多元复合转型，才能为民营经济的持续、健康发展提供动力。