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91.
Jang Youn Cho 《Review of Financial Economics》1994,3(2):105-120
This paper incorporates recent equity valuation theories into the examination of determinants of earnings-price (E/P) ratios to explain cross-sectional differences in E/P ratios. The results show that ex ante measures of risk and growth as well as the payout ratio are the main determinants of E/P ratios. The persistence measure is not significantly related to E/P ratios. The results are robust to ordinary least square models as well as to a tobit censored regression. 相似文献
92.
Summary and Conclusions This study takes as its starting point the hypothesis that demographic characteristics of households are as relevant determinants
of the pattern of consumer expenditures in the United States as are measured prices and incomes. Demographic characteristics
of households are brought to bear upon their expenditure patterns not via their impact on consumer tastes but rather via their
effect on “true” prices and “permanent” incomes faced by households.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics' 1972/73 Consumer Expenditure Survey data are used to estimate several expenditure functions.
The econometric results unequivocally demonstrate the validity of the authors' hypothesis. Various demographic factors such
as the age of the household head, his/her educational attainment, the employment status of the household head and spouse,
the household's race and region of location are all found to be significant determinants of the pattern of expenditures in
the United States.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1979 Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Economic Society, October 10–12,
1979, Washington, D.C. The authors would like to thank Mr. Lee Grimes of the Computer Center at Tennessee Tech for many hours
of patient help. 相似文献
93.
Sung K. Ahn Sinsup Cho B. Chan Seong 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2004,66(2):261-284
An extension of Gaussian reduced rank estimation of Ahn and Reinsel (Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 62, pp. 317–350, 1994) to seasonal periods other than four is presented. Simple adjustments for estimation that are necessary because of complex‐valued seasonal unit roots are presented in detail and the asymptotic distribution of the estimators that takes the same form as that in Ahn and Reinsel (1994) is derived. Tests for contemporaneous cointegration and common polynomial cointegrating vectors (PCIVs) for different seasonal unit roots are presented. Finite sample properties are briefly examined through a small Monte Carlo simulation study and a numerical example is presented to illustrate the methods. 相似文献
94.
Dong Cho 《Business Economics》2006,41(1):45-52
This paper presents a price index constructed to measure
the real price and real output of corporate business jet
aircraft. It employs a chained price index methodology
to properly account for the effect of changes in aircraft
quality and product lines on the price index. The index
indicates that the average price level of corporate jets has
significantly outpaced the general price level measured
by the GDP deflator, nearly doubling the real price of
the product over a 35-year period from 1968 to 2003,
which could have negatively affected the demand for the
product. Because the GDP deflator significantly understates
the price increase in corporate jets, the industry’s
real output is overstated when its nominal sales are
deflated with a general price index. The paper suggests
that an industry-specific price index allows more accurate
analyses of real economic activity of an industry.
The methodology used in this paper could be useful for other industries where product price movements vary significantly
from the changes in the general price level.
JEL Classification L160,L620 相似文献
95.
Hoon Cho Brian A. Ciochetti James D. Shilling 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2013,46(1):1-23
We study whether tax considerations are an important determinant of commercial mortgage default. We also study whether large lenders are better informed, or better at interpreting information for lending purposes, and hence have lower foreclosure rates; whether lenders have more information on larger borrowers than smaller borrowers, and hence have lower foreclosure rates on larger loans; and whether commercial mortgage defaults are related to debt service coverage and loan-to-values, both initial and contemporaneous. The paper’s main findings are fourfold. First, holding all else equal, there is evidence that tax considerations influence investors’ decisions about when to “put” assets to lenders. The results are consistent with the argument of Constantinides (J Financ Econ 13:65–89, 1984). Second, the evidence suggests that large lenders are especially knowledgeable about commercial mortgage borrowers and commercial property markets, in that they have lower foreclosure rates than smaller lenders. Third, on the question of whether lenders have more information on larger borrowers than smaller borrowers, we find that larger loans have, on average, lower default rates than smaller loans. Fourth, the findings suggest that lower default rates are associated with higher debt service coverage ratios, both initial and contemporaneous. 相似文献
96.
In this commentary, we reflect on Thornton's (2013) extension to his original CA Magazine article on environmental accounting (Thornton, 1993) as well as the original contribution. Given our background in social and environmental disclosure research, we question Thornton's narrow focus on environmental accounting as it relates to the debits and credits of financial reporting, and we attempt to illustrate the problems that voluntary environmental disclosure creates with respect to reduced incentives for companies to improve environmental performance. We conclude by identifying our concerns with the future of environmental accounting given the recent ‘rediscovery’ of the topic by mainstream accounting researchers. 相似文献
97.
Dooyeon Cho 《Applied economics》2017,49(41):4180-4187
This article investigates the role of domestic credit markets in explaining the excess sensitivity of private consumption to disposable income using heterogeneous panel data of 19 OECD countries over the last two decades. We find that the degree of the excess sensitivity has decreased as the liquidity constraints of households have been alleviated: the estimated time-varying coefficients for the marginal propensity to consume vary between 0.16 for the countries with low liquidity constraints and 0.38 for those with high liquidity constraints. We also provide evidence that the excess sensitivity has been more prominent after the global financial crisis in some advanced countries, such as Japan, Spain, and the United States, where sharp deleveraging of households has been ongoing. 相似文献
98.
We examine whether labour unions influence external auditor selection and audit scope. As a major user group of financial information, labour unions likely demand financial information of high quality and thus high-quality audits. As a union’s request for wage increases is likely strong when a firm is performing well, management facing wage negotiations with the labour union has incentives to manipulate earnings downward and may therefore prefer auditors who allow more discretion. Using union data unique to Korea during 2005–2008, we find that firms with a stronger labour union tend to choose higher-quality auditors (i.e. Big N or industry specialist auditors). We also find that unionization is negatively (positively) associated with positive (negative) abnormal audit fees and audit hours, and the effects are more pronounced when the union is stronger and more active. Given that departures from normal audit fees and audit hours in either direction arguably impair audit quality, this finding is consistent with our prediction of unions’ demand for high-quality audits. Overall, our findings suggest that labour unions play an important role in determining audit quality. 相似文献
99.
Because of the negative aspects of smoking, the US National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse has recommended that university campuses should be smoke free. The purpose of this research was to learn students' opinions about the effectiveness of a smoking policy on campus. The policy simply stated there should be no smoking within 30 feet of a building. However, no areas were designated as smoking areas. Using phenomenological inquiry, the authors observed and interviewed both smoking and non‐smoking students. Findings suggest that the existing smoking policy was weak and often ignored. Students felt the purpose of the smoking policy should be clearly stated because they were not sure if the policy was intended to make smokers quit or prevent them from smoking in front of doors. This study demonstrates the utility of careful observation as a prelude to the design and implementation of qualitative data collection methods. The results indicate observation is a valuable part of a qualitative research strategy. 相似文献
100.
We develop an index measuring the three main dimensions – prosecution, protection, and prevention – of the anti‐trafficking policies of the governments of up to 180 countries over the 2000?2010 period. Overall, developed countries perform better than the rest of the world; compliance with prosecution policy is highest, while governmental efforts to protect victims of human trafficking remain weakest. We employ the new indices to investigate which factors determine anti‐trafficking policies. We find that compliance with anti‐trafficking policies significantly decreases with corruption and is higher in countries that also respect the rights of women. We also find some tentative evidence for spatial dependence in anti‐trafficking policies. 相似文献