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71.
Rapid growth of U.S. dairy exports to Mexico began even before the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and has been fueled by rapid population increases coupled with an expanding Mexican economy. This study uses a nonlinear approximate almost ideal demand system (NLAIDS) to estimate own and cross-price elasticities in the Mexican cheese import market to better understand market behavior and to assess the comparative position of the UnitedStates relative to other cheese market participants. Results of this study imply that attributes of cheese play a strong role in the composition of Mexican cheese import market. 相似文献
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75.
Decentralization in Indonesia has resulted in an increased influence of local communities over the terms of logging agreements with timber companies. The outcomes of such community–company negotiations vary significantly across communities. What are the conditions that cause this variation, and how can the outcomes be more effectively and efficiently influenced by third-party actors such as the local government or NGOs? This paper addresses these questions by developing a game-theoretic model to illustrate the strategic interactions between communities and companies. The model allows for endogeneity of de facto property rights and bargaining positions. We show that third-party actions to improve the community’s bargaining position by raising its reservation utility may result in an increase in the area logged and thereby harm the environment. Our results indicate that the strategy of intervention matters. In particular, strategies that raise the sensitivity of interventions to local logging threats are likely to be more cost-effective in supporting communities and reducing forest degradation than more indiscriminatory strategies. The model will be relevant to other situations where communities negotiate contracts over natural resource use with outside actors in a context of weak property rights, a situation increasingly observed in other developing countries. 相似文献
76.
Economic Value of the Carbon Sink Services of Tropical Secondary Forests and Its Management Implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Octavio A. Ramirez Carlos E. Carpio Rosalba Ortiz Brian Finnegan 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,21(1):23-46
This paper explores the economic feasibility of secondary forest regeneration and conservation as an alternative in the campaign addressing the problem of global warming. Detailed measurements of tropical secondary forests over time, in different ecological zones of Costa Rica, are used to evaluate carbon storage models. The paper addresses key issues in the international discussion about cross- and within-country compensation for carbon storage services and illustrates a method to compute/predict their economic value over time under a variety of scenarios. The procedure is applicable to other developing countries where secondary forest growth is increasingly important. 相似文献
77.
Miguel D. Ramirez 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2002,30(4):366-379
This paper addresses the important question whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic
growth and labor productivity in Mexico. Following the lead of the endogenous growth literature, it presents a modified production
function which explicitly includes the positive or negative externality effects generated by additions to the public capital
stock. Using cointegration analysis, the paper proceeds to estimate a dynamic labor productivity function for the 1955–94
period that incorporates the impact of the growth rate in the stocks of both private and public capital (as opposed to the
flows) and the economically active population (EAP) (rather than the rate of population growth). The results suggest that
(lagged) increases in public investment spending on economic infrastructure—as opposed to overall public investment spending—have
a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of labor productivity growth. In addition, the estimates suggest that
increases in government consumption expenditures may have a negative effect on the rate of labor productivity growth, thus
suggesting that the composition of government spending may also play an important role in determining the rate of labor productivity
growth. Finally, the findings call into question the politically expedient policy in many Latin American countries of disproportionately
reducing public capital expenditures on economic and social infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit
as a proportion of GDP. 相似文献
78.
Conservation capital and sustainable economic growth 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An endogenous growth model, which links pollution to ineffectiveinput-use, is developed to examine the potential for achievingbalanced growth while preserving the environment through investmentin conservation capital. We derive conditions under which individualpreferences for environmental quality and private incentivesfor investment in conservation capital can lead to non-decreasingenvironmental quality with balanced growth even in the absenceof environmental regulations. Additionally, conditions underwhich investment in conservation capital can enable an environmentallyregulated economy to achieve a higher rate of sustainable balancedgrowth than otherwise are analysed. 相似文献
79.
Industry convergence, defined as a 'blurring' of boundaries between industries, induced by converging value propositions, technologies and markets, appears to be a pervasive phenomenon leading to the emergence of inter-industry segments. A current example of convergence can be witnessed in the nutraceuticals and functional foods sector, emerging at the boundary between the food and pharmaceutical industries. Not only technologies blur, but there is also a convergence of demand structures: consumers try to satisfy different needs in one transaction. In this context, this paper explores how actors from different industry-specific resource backgrounds can engage in an innovative activity requiring new technological and marketing competences. Given that absorptive capacity is limited by existing competences, this paper asks how organizations with different R&D competences are able to seize opportunities for innovation emerging from convergence. Empirical findings based on primary data collected from 54 R&D projects of a nutraceutical cluster show that there are different approaches of front end decision making: while some firms follow existing processes for front end decision making, others leave existing paths and need partners to fill in gaps already identified at the front end of innovation. 相似文献
80.
Paulina Ramirez 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2006,18(2):143-167
The paper discusses different conceptualisations of the term globalisation of research. From this discussion five dimensions of globalisation of research are identified. Using three different type of data, the paper goes on to examine the extent, motivations and mechanism for the globalisation of research along these five dimensions among leading European and US pharmaceutical multinational companies (MNCs). The evidence for the period 1975-1998 shows that the general process of international expansion of research activities varied significantly between leading US and European MNCs. It is also clear that the development of the process of globalisation has proceeded unevenly along the five dimensions studied. The data also show the increasing concentration of both US and European research investment in the USA. 相似文献