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Frederick L.A. Grauer Robert H. Litzenberger Richard E. Stehle 《Journal of Financial Economics》1976,3(3):233-256
International capital market equilibrium is characterized for a world economy in which consumption preferences are defined multiplicatively over many commodities. It is shown that the set of relative asset prices under pure exchange in international capital markets depends on the real purchasing power of nominal payoffs under uncertainty and does not depend on the currency in which the nominal payoffs are denominated. A Sharpe-Lintner type international capital asset pricing model is derived as a special case. Proportional ad valorem commodity taxes and transportation costs are incorporated in the valuation model, interest rate parity and purchasing power parity are reinterpreted under uncertainty, and international differences in borrowing and lending are shown to reflect, in part, differences in risk aversion across countries. 相似文献
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The demand and supply functions for money in Canada are estimated in a simultaneous-equation model format in which the supply of money is considered endogenous. The results indicate that the important determinants of the demand for money are income, short-term interest rate and lagged real cash balance variables. Wealth is an unimportant explanatory variable in money demand thus rejecting the hypothesis that an increase in outside wealth increases the demand for money. The monetary base and cash reserve ratio are important explanatory variables in the money supply function and play a direct role in monetary control. 相似文献
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Steven Eli Permut Ph.D. James E. Haefner Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1973,1(2):156-166
Public policy decisions dealing with deceptive advertising have relied extensively on case-by-case adjudication with the Federal
Trade Commission. Unfortunately, behavioral evidence has not been considered in the vast majority of these cases. The final
determination rests with the Commission’s own expertise in judging an advertisement’s “capacity to deceive.” Consumer response
data are not required, although recent developments suggest the FTC is seriously considering the inclusion of meaningful behavioral
evidence in policymaking and adjudicative proceedings. This study is one of a series dealing with dimensions of perceived
deception across different respondent populations (including students, lawyers, housewives, children, and minority groups).
The focus here is on the semantics of deception, i.e., the way in which subjects evaluate selected television commercials
which were unofficially rated for deception by FTC staff attorneys. The factor analytic paradigm provides one approach for
generating summaries of viewer’s evaluative (affective) responses, and thereby providing some normative or benchmark data
of potential value in the regulatory process. 相似文献
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Schmidt E 《Harvard business review》2001,79(5):116-23, 166
Few large companies have soared as high, sunk as low, and struggled as long as the 18-year-old networking software maker Novell. For years, the company dominated the market for local area networks, but by 1997, it had faltered due to misguided acquisitions, product missteps, and large unsold inventories. That's when Eric Schmidt arrived from Sun Microsystems to take over as Novell's third CEO. He turned the company around with a deft combination of cost reductions, divestitures, and new product rollouts, and by 1998, it was back in the black. Unfortunately, the good times didn't last, and like most technology companies, Novell is once again struggling with a slowdown in demand. But Schmidt is optimistic about returning Novell to good health, and his strategies suggest ways for other organizations to handle themselves during downturns. He counsels against being overly cautious during such times. It may be necessary to eliminate excess inventory, cut costs, and reduce the size of the staff and the management team in order to stabilize a company. Working to retain those employees whom he calls the "smart people" and keeping them motivated will have long-term payoffs. Further, Schmidt says it is necessary to acknowledge and overcome a "culture of fear," the deadening environment of cynicism in which employees suppress thoughts and feelings because they're worried about layoffs. His additional advice: keep new products coming out to sustain the interest of customers and the press, pay attention to your cash position, stay focused on your desired outcomes, and take heart from other industry leaders. 相似文献
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