The Impact of Upfront Payments on Assortment Decisions in Retailing

There is a contentious debate about the exclusionary effects of upfront payments to be made by manufacturers to place their products on retailers’ shelves. Analyzing a two-stage bargaining process with one downstream retailer and a pool of upstream manufacturers, we find that upfront payments lead to a smaller assortment if the retailer’s bargaining power is high enough and the suppliers’ products are close substitutes.     

Was ist fremd?

Universelle Ethik und kulturelle Pluralit?t im Gesundheitswesen - Im Pflegealltag begegnen uns t?glich Menschen unterschiedlichster Kulturen und Weltanschauungen. Um den verschiedenen Auffassungen gerecht zu werden, müssen ethische Prinzipien auf die jeweilige Situation bezogen werden. Sie sind keine festgelegten Rezepte.     

Stochastic model specification search for Gaussian and partial non-Gaussian state space models

Model specification for state space models is a difficult task as one has to decide which components to include in the model and to specify whether these components are fixed or time-varying. To this aim a new model space MCMC method is developed in this paper. It is based on extending the Bayesian variable selection approach which is usually applied to variable selection in regression models to state space models. For non-Gaussian state space models stochastic model search MCMC makes use of auxiliary mixture sampling. We focus on structural time series models including seasonal components, trend or intervention. The method is applied to various well-known time series.     

Kapital und Zins in der stationären Verkehrswirtschaft

Ohne ZusammenfassungVortrag, gehalten an der Universität Freiburg i. Br. am 19./20. November 1940.     

How Big is the Crowding-Out Effect of User Fees in the Rural Areas of Ethiopia? Implications for Equity and Resources Mobilization

Using a nested multinomial logit model, this study investigates the demand “reduction” and “diversion” effects of user fees in rural areas of Ethiopia. The results reveal that an increase in user fees of public clinics, which are the most widely used alternative, can have a significant demand reduction effect on the poorest of the poor. This implies that despite cost recovery has been advocated as an alternative means of health care financing in most of the developing world, increasing user fees may drive the poorest segment of the population out of the health care market unless some protective measures are taken.     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE AGRI-MONETARY SYSTEM ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE EC: THE CASE OF SUGAR

It is hypothesised that the mechanics of the agri-monetary system impose shocks on EC agricultural markets which influence the Community's agricultural trade flows. A model illustrating links between agri-monetary changes and trade flows of sugar is presented. Empirical tests suggest that agri-monetary changes influence the volume and timing of sugar trade. Hypotheses relating the strength of this influence to self-sufficiency and other factors specific to Member States are discussed, as are the welfare costs of agri-monetary trade distortions. Although these welfare costs are unlikely to spark agrimonetary reform, they could be given consideration in the reform made inevitable by the Single European Market.