Adolescents' body‐tanning behaviours: influences of gender,body mass index,sociocultural attitudes towards appearance and body satisfaction

The goal of this study was to identify and examine the various factors affecting adolescents' body‐tanning behaviours. Gender, body mass index (BMI), sociocultural attitudes towards appearance (SATA) and body satisfaction were examined in order to determine how these variables influence both outdoor sun‐tanning and indoor tanning‐bed use. Self‐administered survey data were collected from 155 adolescent boys and 202 adolescent girls with an average age of 14.3. Multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression methods were used to analyse the data. Adolescent girls tended to engage in both outdoor and indoor tanning. Overall, adolescents' SATA significantly affected their body‐tanning behaviours. However, BMI and body satisfaction revealed a significant effect only on indoor tanning behaviour. Implications for the design of interventions and overall health promotion towards adolescents are discussed with suggestions for future research.     

科研论文中祈使句的元语用功能分析

祈使句一直以来都被认为是威胁面子的一种言语行为,在语篇中会影响作者和读者的人际关系。然而,科研论文中祈使句的使用是作者有意识的一种语言策略选择,体现出作者不同程度的元语用意识,实现不同的元语用功能。     

转型期中国城市区域化发展特点与机制探析

城市区域化是各国城市化发展中具有共性的历程,城市区域正在成为全球竞争的基本单元。从经济增长、禀赋条件、区域协作、门户城市等方面概括了城市区域的发展条件,进而从城市区域分布、沿海城市区域特点、行政区经济、人口集聚效能、政策调控下的门户城市等方面分析市场化转型期中国城市区域的发展特点与机制,最后提出了推进我国城市区域化发展的政策建议。     

承接服务业国际转移与制度变迁研究——基于中国1992~2008年数据

随着服务业国际转移的发展,我国承接服务业国际转移不断增多,其对我国制度变迁的影响也受到越来越多的关注。文章首先从微观和宏观两个方面分析承接服务业国际转移影响制度变迁的理论基础和传导机制,进而通过实证检验证明了承接服务业国际转移促进了我国的制度变迁,并在此基础之上提出了我国为更好的承接服务业国际转移的相关政策建议。     

A new look at the forward premium “puzzle”

We decompose the spot and forward rates into (permanent) nonlinear trend components and (transitory) stationary components. We examine the unbiasedness of the permanent (transitory) component of the forward rate in predicting the permanent (transitory) component of its corresponding future spot rate. The transitory component of the future spot rate under reacts to the transitory component of the forward rate. However, the permanent component of the forward rate is an unbiased predictor of the permanent component of the future spot rate. A robust nonlinear cotrending relation is also found between the forward and future spot rates and the hypothesis of the forward‐rate unbiasedness is sustained in the long run. These results suggest that the forward rate better explains the long‐term behavior of the future spot rate. Simulation analysis shows that if the transitory component of the forward rate fully predicts the transitory component of the future spot rate, the forward premium puzzle disappears. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:599–628, 2011     

山西私募股权基金监管法律研究

私募股权基金在我国大量存在且已具相当规模,对社会经济的增长具有重要作用,但是由于相关的法律制度缺位,导致与此有关的问题和争议很多,给中国证券市场的健康发展造成了较大的风险,山西在发展私募股权基金的过程中,要创新监管模式,为我国私募股权基金的法律监管体制提供有益的借鉴。     

Consumption externalities,market imperfections and optimal taxation

In a dynamic model with a keeping‐up‐with‐the Joneses preference and market imperfections, we attempt to investigate under what circumstances and for what reason the optimal tax should be state‐varying. We extend the Ljungqvist and Uhlig (2000) proposition to include preferences that exhibit non‐homotheticity. We show that a keeping‐up‐with‐the‐Joneses preference (a non‐intertemporally‐dependent preference) can lead the social planner to commit to a state‐contingent tax on labor income. Moreover, the optimal labor income tax can be either procyclical or countercyclical with respect to economic fluctuations, this crucially depending on whether the level of contemporaneous consumption increases or decreases the wedge between the intertemporal substitution elasticity of households and of the social planner.     

The effect of consumer emotional disclosure on fairness perceptions

One way consumers cope with an unfair consumption experience is to express how they felt about it. Understandably, these disclosures are often rich with emotion. Does emotional disclosure in this context influence consumers' perceptions of fairness? Drawing hypotheses from the emotional disclosure literature, this research reveals that writing about emotions improves consumer fairness perceptions and satisfaction. However, the benefit of emotional disclosure disappears if the disclosure is solicited by the company perceived to be responsible for the unfairness and they do not offer redress. The findings lead to the recommendation that companies provide and facilitate opportunities for consumers to disclose to third parties the emotions arising from consumption experiences perceived as unfair. Implications for managing customer feedback, complaints, and negative word‐of‐mouth are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

JUMPING THE CURSE: EARLY CONTRACTING WITH PRIVATE INFORMATION IN UNIVERSITY ADMISSIONS*

This article introduces a new model of early contracting. Employers who have private information about the applicant's ability worry that applicants who accept their offer are precisely those who were not offered other jobs. To avoid this winner's curse, employers anticipate the time of contracting. The model is developed in the context of university admissions, and is shown to be consistent with several stylized facts in that “market.” We show that, in contrast to received wisdom, allocative efficiency may be improved by the presence of early contracting.     

经济条件重新成为影响生活感受的首要因素

<正>在刚刚发布的《2009年社会蓝皮书》中,零点研究咨询集团公布了最新完成的《2008年中国居民生活质量调查报告》,报告指出:城乡居民总体生活满意度依然在小幅提升,但支撑满意度提升的主要是社会治安、国家自豪感、政府管理经济和管理国际事务信心度等指标的进一步好转或持续高位,下拉生活满意度的则主要是经济类指标,并且经济类指标的下滑对于城乡居民的消费信心、未来社会竞争力信心和未来生活乐观度的负面影响已经显现。