全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17071篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2684篇 |
工业经济 | 789篇 |
计划管理 | 2624篇 |
经济学 | 3929篇 |
综合类 | 486篇 |
运输经济 | 6篇 |
旅游经济 | 8篇 |
贸易经济 | 4545篇 |
农业经济 | 29篇 |
经济概况 | 1367篇 |
信息产业经济 | 44篇 |
邮电经济 | 574篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 2312篇 |
2017年 | 2069篇 |
2016年 | 1211篇 |
2015年 | 102篇 |
2014年 | 108篇 |
2013年 | 119篇 |
2012年 | 448篇 |
2011年 | 1957篇 |
2010年 | 1838篇 |
2009年 | 1535篇 |
2008年 | 1521篇 |
2007年 | 1872篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 401篇 |
2004年 | 470篇 |
2003年 | 556篇 |
2002年 | 258篇 |
2001年 | 63篇 |
2000年 | 54篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
171.
Joaquim Silvestre 《Economic Theory》2002,20(2):413-425
Summary. Starr (1973) showed that, if people have different subjective probabilities, ex ante and ex post efficiency conflict. Conversely, under the simple preferences that he considered, the discrepancy between ex ante and ex post efficiency disappears when subjective probabilities are identical. Here I consider identical subjective probabilities, but
more general preferences. First, risk attraction is admitted. Second, I dispense with the double requirement (dubbed IZU)
of additive separability and state-independence of the utility of zero-date consumption, an unrealistic requirement when modeling
the investment in durable goods. I find that, under IZU, and as long as ex post preferences satisfy the natural assumption of quasiconcavity (and satisfy some technical qualifications), an ex ante efficient allocation is indeed ex post efficient, but the converse is not necessarily true under risk attraction. If, on the other hand, IZU is violated, then one
can have ex ante efficient allocations that are not ex post efficient, and vice-versa, even under risk aversion.
Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: March 2001 相似文献
172.
Changes in total surplus are traditional measures of economic welfare. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions for
rationalizing individual and aggregate consumer demand data with individual quasilinear and homothetic utility functions.
Under these conditions, consumer surplus is a valid measure of consumer welfare. For nonmarketed goods, we propose necessary
and sufficient conditions on input market data for efficient production, i.e. production at minimum cost. Under these conditions
we derive a cost function for the nonmarketed good, where producer surplus is the area above the marginal cost curve.
We are greatful to helpful remarks and comments of the referees and the editor. The work is partially supported by the Spanish
Ministry of Science and Technology, through Grant BEC2002-2130, the Generalitat de Catlaunya, through Grant 2005SGR-00454
and the Barcelona Economics Program (CREA). 相似文献
173.
174.
Bryan C. McCannon 《Journal of Economics》2007,92(1):67-88
Rock Paper Scissors is used to resolve conflict when a compromise is not possible. Individuals playing ``games' tend to have
biases they prefer to play. I show that Rock Paper Scissors with biased players results in a player with a high valuation
for winning being victorious with a probability greater than a player with a low valuation. Thus, it frequently achieves the
efficient outcome. Furthermore, as the benefit to victory increases for all players, victory for each player becomes equally
likely. Therefore, it is often efficient for minor conflicts while it performs no better than a coin-flip for major conflicts.
相似文献
175.
Sue H. Mialon 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2007,31(1):109-123
We compare various access pricing rules in the two-way access model. We show that the Generalized Efficient Component Pricing
Rule (TECPR) leads to a lower equilibrium price than does the Efficient Component Pricing Rule, (ECPR) marginal cost pricing,
(MCP) and any non-negative fixed access charges.
相似文献
176.
What is the cost of off-site hazardous waste disposal? In addition to paying for disposal fees and shipments costs, generators of hazardous waste can potentially be held liable for the cost of cleanup if the waste disposal site contaminates the environment after closure or abandonment and thus falls under the federal or state Superfund legislation. This paper empirically examines the sensitivity of individual hazardous waste generators to these categories of costs, exploiting the variation across states in factors influencing disposal costs, and in the structure of the liability imposed on waste generators under certain circumstances by state laws. We fit nested logit models to predict the waste management method (incineration or landfill disposal) and the state of destination for shipments of halogenated solvent waste used for metal cleaning in manufacturing and reported in the Toxic Release Inventory in 1988–1990. Waste generators respond to transportation costs and to proxies for current disposal costs. Generators also find the concurrent presence of strict and joint-and-several liability a deterrent, but this deterrent effect does not vary with the wealth of the firm or the volume of the waste shipped. 相似文献
177.
We document the substantial process of structural transformation—the reallocation of labor between agriculture, manufacturing,
and services—and aggregate productivity growth undergone by Portugal between 1956 and 1995. We assess the quantitative role
of sectoral labor productivity in accounting for these processes. We calibrate a model of the structural transformation to
data for the United States and use the model to gain insight into the factors driving the structural transformation and aggregate
productivity growth in Portugal. The model implies that Portugal features low and roughly constant relative productivity in
agriculture and services (around 22%) and a modest but growing relative productivity in manufacturing (from 44 to 110%). We
find that productivity growth in manufacturing accounts for most of the reduction of the aggregate productivity gap with the
United States and that a further closing of this gap can only be accomplished via improvements in the relative productivity
of services.
This paper was written while the authors were affiliated with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. We would like to thank
the editor, two anonymous referees, and participants at the Third Conference on Portuguese Economic Development in the European
Context organized by the Bank of Portugal for their comments. All errors are our own. 相似文献
178.
Specialisation,localisation, and trade value in the wake of cross-border production sharing. The Central Eastern European Countries' case 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gianfranco De Simone 《International Review of Economics》2007,54(1):106-128
We focus on five among the sectors in which most of the CEECs’ trade in middle products with EU-15 is concentrated. Over the
second half of the 1990s, we observe remarkable changes in both production and trade specialization as well as a significant
relocation of industries within CEECs. Using jointly trade and production data we outline co-movements in the adjustment of
specialisation patterns. We also show that the redistribution of activities at the regional level reflects the relocation
of industries at the global level. Finally, we try to detect the scope of fragmentation of production characterizing each
industry and the ways in which CEECs are moving along the “internationally sliced-up value chain”. (JEL: F10, F14, F15) 相似文献
179.
Oded Stark 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2004,14(1):37-42
We offer a game-theoretic proof of Hamiltons rule for the spread of altruism. For a simple case of siblings, we show that the rule can be derived as the outcome of a one-shot prisoners dilemma game between siblings.JEL Classification:
A13, C70, D64Correspondence to: Oded Stark, ZEF, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, GermanyWe are indebted to an anonymous referee and to Uwe Cantner for helpful comments and suggestions. Partial financial support from the National Institute on Aging (grant RO1-AG13037) and from the Humboldt Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
180.
Toshihiko Mukoyama 《Journal of Economic Growth》2004,9(4):451-479
This article presents a model of innovation and diffusion of machines which embody a new technology. Users of the machines are heterogenous in their skill level. Skilled machine-users adopt new machines first, while unskilled users wait until machines become more user-friendly and reliable. The improvement of machines is the engine of diffusion, and it is carried out by the monopolist machine producer. The speed of diffusion is affected by the skill distribution in the economy. At any point in time, the machine producer can innovate a new generation of machines. The timing of innovation is also influenced by the skill distribution. 相似文献