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991.
Jannett Highfill Raymond Wojcikewych 《International Advances in Economic Research》2011,17(4):386-396
The paper introduces an innovative graph for presenting bilateral exchange rates. The currency quantities are on the axes and the exchange rate is the ratio between them, i.e., the slope of a ray from the origin. Behavior is captured by currency offer curves. The paper uses the model to address the issues surrounding China’s export-led growth strategy, i.e., its policy of undervaluing the yuan. 相似文献
992.
Charles J. Whalen 《Forum for Social Economics》2011,40(2):273-280
This essay is based on remarks presented by the author at The Fourth Bi-Annual Cross-Border Post Keynesian Conference, Buffalo State College, on October 9, 2009. It addresses the economic challenges facing Buffalo, New York, and countless other American cities, especially in the Northeast and Midwest; draws on the writings of Hyman Minsky to offer an interpretation of what many now call the Great Recession, which began in late 2007; and challenges the image of Minsky presented by mainstream economists and journalists, with special attention to a recent lecture by Paul Krugman. The essay closes by returning to Buffalo, where—as Minsky anticipated in the 1990s—the economic fate of working families depends largely on the outcome of a national struggle over the shape of future U.S. economic transformation. 相似文献
993.
Thijs Dekker Roy Brouwer Marjan Hofkes Klaus Moeltner 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,49(4):597-624
This paper presents the first value of statistical life (VSL) meta-analysis that empirically estimates correction factors
for ‘out of context’ benefits transfer (BT) purposes. In the field of mortality risk reductions elicited willingness to pay
values in one risk context, say road safety, are frequently applied in other risk contexts like air pollution. However, differences
in risk perception and the population at risk across contexts are likely to result in diverging VSL estimates. In a meta-analysis
of 26 international stated preference studies, a Bayesian model is estimated regressing contingent values for mortality risk
reductions, originating from three different risk contexts, on the characteristics of the risk reduction itself and additional
variables characterizing the underlying studies. A willingness to pay (WTP) premium for mortality risk reductions in the air
pollution and general mortality risk context relative to improving road safety is observed. Evaluated at the mean, road safety
VSL estimates should be multiplied by a factor 1.8 before being applicable in the air pollution context. Moreover, in an illustrative
BT exercise we find limited overlap in the set of context specific predictive VSL distributions. Consequently, ‘out of context’
BT results in a substantial over- or underestimation of the VSL. 相似文献
994.
We develop a dynamic game model of a two-country monetary union to study strategic interactions between macroeconomic policy
makers, namely the central bank and governments. In this union, the governments of participating countries pursue national
goals when deciding on fiscal policies, whereas the common central bank’s monetary policy aims at union-wide objective variables.
The union considered is asymmetric, consisting of a core, with lower initial public debt, and a periphery, with higher initial
public debt. For a symmetric demand shock, we derive numerical solutions of the dynamic game between the governments and the
central bank using the OPTGAME algorithm. We show that mildly active cooperative countercyclical policies dominate noncooperative
solutions and a scenario of no policy intervention. Optimal policies call for a brief expansionary action to bolster the effects
on output and a return to a small fiscal primary surplus as soon as the crisis is over until the targeted level of public
debt is reached. 相似文献
995.
996.
Joseph Zeira 《Journal of Economic Growth》2011,16(2):135-156
This paper presents a model of innovations and endogenous economic growth with two main assumptions: first, the cost of searching
for innovations differs across innovations, and second, innovations take time to find. The paper shows that given these two
assumptions together, competition leads to patent races and to duplication of innovative activity. The paper then shows that
duplication significantly reduces the effect of scale on growth. It also shows that competitive R&D creates too much research
on easy innovations, and too little research on the difficult ones. Finally, the paper shows that risk sharing might increase
duplication and reduce growth. 相似文献
997.
Online labor markets have great potential as platforms for conducting experiments. They provide immediate access to a large
and diverse subject pool, and allow researchers to control the experimental context. Online experiments, we show, can be just
as valid—both internally and externally—as laboratory and field experiments, while often requiring far less money and time
to design and conduct. To demonstrate their value, we use an online labor market to replicate three classic experiments. The
first finds quantitative agreement between levels of cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma played online and in the physical
laboratory. The second shows—consistent with behavior in the traditional laboratory—that online subjects respond to priming
by altering their choices. The third demonstrates that when an identical decision is framed differently, individuals reverse
their choice, thus replicating a famed Tversky-Kahneman result. Then we conduct a field experiment showing that workers have
upward-sloping labor supply curves. Finally, we analyze the challenges to online experiments, proposing methods to cope with
the unique threats to validity in an online setting, and examining the conceptual issues surrounding the external validity
of online results. We conclude by presenting our views on the potential role that online experiments can play within the social
sciences, and then recommend software development priorities and best practices. 相似文献
998.
Tobias Hiller 《International Review of Economics》2011,58(4):433-438
In this note, we generalize the χSh-value for all efficient TU-values 相似文献
999.
Dictator games: a meta study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christoph Engel 《Experimental Economics》2011,14(4):583-610
Over the last 25 years, more than a hundred dictator game experiments have been published. This meta study summarises the evidence. Exploiting the fact that most experiments had to fix parameters they did not intend to test, in multiple regression the meta study is able to assess the effect of single manipulations, controlling for a host of alternative explanatory factors. The resulting rich dataset also provides a testbed for comparing alternative specifications of the statistical model for analysing dictator game data. It shows how Tobit models (assuming that dictators would even want to take money) and hurdle models (assuming that the decision to give a positive amount is separate from the choice of amount, conditional on giving) provide additional insights. 相似文献
1000.