全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21291篇 |
免费 | 563篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3996篇 |
工业经济 | 1573篇 |
计划管理 | 3408篇 |
经济学 | 4553篇 |
综合类 | 573篇 |
运输经济 | 129篇 |
旅游经济 | 290篇 |
贸易经济 | 3907篇 |
农业经济 | 924篇 |
经济概况 | 2236篇 |
邮电经济 | 265篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 115篇 |
2021年 | 164篇 |
2020年 | 283篇 |
2019年 | 370篇 |
2018年 | 507篇 |
2017年 | 539篇 |
2016年 | 547篇 |
2015年 | 403篇 |
2014年 | 544篇 |
2013年 | 2336篇 |
2012年 | 655篇 |
2011年 | 747篇 |
2010年 | 698篇 |
2009年 | 694篇 |
2008年 | 688篇 |
2007年 | 591篇 |
2006年 | 443篇 |
2005年 | 425篇 |
2004年 | 422篇 |
2003年 | 453篇 |
2002年 | 444篇 |
2001年 | 427篇 |
2000年 | 464篇 |
1999年 | 362篇 |
1998年 | 365篇 |
1997年 | 362篇 |
1996年 | 332篇 |
1995年 | 310篇 |
1994年 | 326篇 |
1993年 | 355篇 |
1992年 | 336篇 |
1991年 | 311篇 |
1990年 | 297篇 |
1989年 | 261篇 |
1988年 | 235篇 |
1987年 | 218篇 |
1986年 | 251篇 |
1985年 | 323篇 |
1984年 | 379篇 |
1983年 | 322篇 |
1982年 | 339篇 |
1981年 | 326篇 |
1980年 | 292篇 |
1979年 | 291篇 |
1978年 | 243篇 |
1977年 | 231篇 |
1976年 | 216篇 |
1975年 | 171篇 |
1974年 | 164篇 |
1973年 | 149篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
Thomas Apolte 《Intereconomics》1991,26(3):108-114
In the centrally planned economies of Eastern Europe, monetary policy played a subordinate role, there were no capital-market
institutions and the banking system was single-tier. All this has to be changed in the transition to a market economy. The
example of Hungary, which abolished the traditional system of central planning as early as 1968, shows some of the pitfalls
to be avoided. 相似文献
142.
Andrey D. Ukhov 《The Journal of Financial Research》2004,27(3):329-339
The classical warrant pricing formula requires knowledge of the firm value and of the firm‐value process variance. When warrants are outstanding, the firm value itself is a function of the warrant price. Firm value and firm‐value variance are then unobservable variables. I develop an algorithm for pricing warrants using stock prices, an observable variable, and stock return variance. The method also enables estimation of firm‐value variance. A proof of existence of the solution is provided. 相似文献
143.
144.
Given self-protection from an undesirable environmental externality, we examine, under several conditions, the efficiency properties of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. We demonstrate that if self-protection can transfer the externality to another agent, then noncooperative behavior will lead to overprotection. If self-protection filters or dilutes the externality, then noncooperation leads to underprotection. In addition, overprotection will worsen if an agent with more relative power is allowed a first-mover advantage or if the damage function is elastic and transferability is uncertain. Finally, a reduction in uncertainty about transferability will accentuate overprotection if the damage function is inelastic. Our results suggest that coordination of protection activities among agents will enhance the overall gains from environmental policy in the European Single Internal Market of 1992. Coordination minimizes the costs of environmental protection, thereby reducing the public credibility of its foes. 相似文献
145.
We study the optimal monetary policy in a two-country open-economy model under two monetary arrangements: (a) multiple currencies controlled by independent policy makers; (b) common currencies with a centralized policy maker.
Our findings suggest that: (i) monetary policy competition leads to higher long-term inflation and interest rates with large welfare losses; (ii) the inflation bias and the consequent losses are larger when countries are unable to commit to future policies; (iii) the welfare losses from higher long-term inflation dominates the welfare costs of losing the ability to react optimally to shocks. 相似文献
Our findings suggest that: (i) monetary policy competition leads to higher long-term inflation and interest rates with large welfare losses; (ii) the inflation bias and the consequent losses are larger when countries are unable to commit to future policies; (iii) the welfare losses from higher long-term inflation dominates the welfare costs of losing the ability to react optimally to shocks. 相似文献
146.
Scott J. Vitell Kumar C. Rallapalli Ph.D. Anusorn Singhapakdi 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1993,21(4):331-337
This study develops a scale, using the American Marketing Association’s code of ethics, to measure the marketing-related norms
of marketing practitioners. The scale has five dimensions: 1) price and distribution, 2) information and contracts, 3) product
and promotion, 4) obligation and disclosure, and 5) general honesty and integrity. The relative influence of personal moral
philosophies and organizational ethical climate on the norms of marketers was also examined in this study.
He received his Ph.D. in marketing from Texas Tech University. His work has previously appeared in theJournal of Macromarketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Research in Marketing, Business and Professional Ethics Journal, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, as well as various other journals and proceedings.
His research has been accepted for publication in theJournal of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management and theJournal of Business Ethics, and has been published in various national and regional proceedings. His research interests include marketing ethics, health
care marketing, international marketing, and direct marketing.
He received his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Mississippi. His work has previously appeared in theJournal of Macromarketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Business and Professional Ethics Journal, Journal of Public Policy
and Marketing, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, as well as other journals and proceedings. 相似文献
147.
Countries and their products: A cognitive structure perspective 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Terence A. Shimp Saeed Samiee Thomas J. Madden 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1993,21(4):323-330
This research reports on consumers’ cognitive structures for countries and their products. In-depth personal interviews identified
respondents’ knowledge, beliefs, myths, and other relevant cognitions related to a diverse set of 11 countries and their products.
Derived cognitive dimensions were analyzed via correspondence analysis, and the 11 countries were subsequently grouped into
five sets, or cognitive categories. In addition to the empirical findings, the article introduces the concept of country equity
as a new way of thinking about global brands and discusses managerial implications related thereto.
He has published in theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, and elsewhere.
His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of International Business Studies, California Management
Review, and others.
He is the coauthor of two marketing research textbooks and has published in leading marketing and social psychological journals. 相似文献
148.
Previous empirical research indicates that corporate insiders tend to increase (decrease) their shareholdings before events that increase (decrease) firm value. More recent evidence suggests, however, that passage of the Insider Trading Sanctions Act of 1984 (ITSA) may have deterred this behavior. Our results indicate that before passage of the ITSA, insiders exploited their access to nonpublic information by selling shares before the announcement of equity issues. However, after passage of the ITSA insiders no longer displayed this behavior. We conclude the ITSA has a deterrent effect, which is more heavily concentrated on insiders at the highest level of the firm who are most visible to regulators and other market participants. 相似文献
149.
Reduced-form price spread models have been recently utilized by Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon to evaluate the economic factors affecting the marketing margins for agricultural products. Drawing on Gardner, Heien, Buse and Brandow, Waugh, Tomek and Robinson, and others they specify alternative retail-farm price spread models and attempt to determine which best fit the data in the context of underlying theoretical rationale. This paper continues in the spirit of Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon by evaluating alternative specifications of the retail-farm price spread for white maize in South Africa. However, several important differences do remain. Wohlgenant and Mullen analyzed the price spread for beef using annual data, while Thompson and Lyon modeled the price spread for oranges using weekly data. The time period under consideration can be expected to affect the choice of model because fixed markup rules that might be evident using a short-run period of analysis (e.g., Thompson and Lyon) become untenable over the long run with underlying supply and demand shifts. In this paper, monthly data, which may be interpreted as an intermediate-run period, are used along with dichotomous supply-demand shifters. In addition, Brorsen et. al. have shown that price uncertainty affects the price spread in the marketing channels of agricultural commodities. Thus, the analysis in this paper extends the framework of Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon to include measures of price risk. Finally, like Brorsen et. al. this study pertains to the grain market, while Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon studied the marketing margin for non-storable commodities. 相似文献
150.