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991.
The study of marketing margins and price transmission on various commodity markets has been a popular research topic of the past decades (see Meyer & Von Cramon-Taubadel, 2004, for a recent survey). However, with a few exception these studies focused on developed economies. This article examines this phenomena on the Hungarian pork market. The Johansen (maximum likelihood, 1988) or Engle and Granger (2-step, 1987) cointegration tests do not reject the no-cointegration null hypothesis between the Hungarian pork producer and retail price series. Therefore, we applied the Gregory and Hansen (1996) procedure with recursively estimated break points and Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) statistics and found that the prices are cointegrated with a structural break occurring in April 1996. Exogeneity tests reveal the causality running from producer to retail prices both in the long and short run. Homogeneity tests are rejected, suggesting a markup pricing strategy. Price transmission modeling suggests that price transmission on the Hungarian pork meat market is symmetric in the long run but asymmetric in the short run; that is, processors, wholesalers, or retailers might take temporary advantage should price changes occur. 相似文献
992.
Cristina Calvo-Porral J. Andrés Faíña Medín Paulino Montes-Solla 《国际粮食与农业综合企业市场学杂志》2013,25(2):132-148
ABSTRACTBased on the existing marketing concept on relational and functional benefits and on the retailing management of customer value, the present research empirically tests the influence of these customer benefits by providing a comparative analysis for different retailing formats, such as supermarkets and hypermarkets. Using questionnaire data for a sample of customers (N = 362), the authors developed structural equation modeling. This study identifies the factors influencing customer value, as well as the key to understand the relationships of customer benefits, customer value, loyalty, and purchase intention in the retailing service context. The contribution of the present research includes empirically testing a conceptual model, by developing a comparative analysis, along with providing some meaningful insights to retailing managers on how to strategically manage customer value variables to increase and enhance customer retention and purchase intent. 相似文献
993.
Pascal Lienhard Khamkéo Panyasiri Sengphanh Sayphoummie Bounma Leudphanane Guillaume Lestrelin Lucien Séguy 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(4):391-406
In north-eastern Laos, the savannah grasslands of the Plain of Jars cover vast areas of potentially cultivable land. However, soil acidity, low inherent fertility, and the absence of alternatives to tillage represent significant constraints to the development of sustainable smallholder agriculture. Our objective was to evaluate the potential for conservation agriculture (CA) to enhance soil productivity and farming system profitability. A three-year rotation of rice/maize/soybean was tested under three fertilization levels and four agricultural systems: one conventional tillage-based (CT) system and three CA systems based on no-tillage with cover crops. After four cropping seasons, our results show that, compared with CT, CA systems led to similar-to-higher grain production, similar-to-higher profits, higher opportunity of livestock system intensification, and higher labour productivity regardless of fertilization levels. While CA represents a relevant alternative to current practices, our results suggest that its contribution to the emergence of a sustainable smallholder agriculture is conditioned by broader institutional transformations, including the enrolment of local manufacturers and traders for deploying no-till implements and seed market channels for cover crops, long-term public support to maintain active research and technical mentoring to farmers, and possibly the integration of ecosystem services in agricultural policy. 相似文献
994.
Nuria Osés-Eraso Frederic Udina Montserrat Viladrich-Grau 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,40(4):529-550
We study appropriation strategies in common pool resources where extinction is a credible threat. Here we present an experimental
study of the appropriation of common pool resources in a dynamic setting where resource availability depends on the initial
environmental characteristics of the common resource and on human-induced resource depletion due to users’ appropriation patterns.
Our results show that initial resource scarcity limits appropriation by inducing an initial caution among users that persists
throughout of the game. Additionally, we find that subjects restrain their appropriation strategies when scarcity increases.
However, this concern for resource scarcity is not enough to prevent resource depletion. Agents do not counteract the previous
rounds’ appropriation strategies but follow the appropriation trend. High appropriation levels are followed by higher appropriation
strategies, thus promoting the well known tragedy of the commons. Often concern for resource preservation is not great enough
to limit appropriation.
相似文献
995.
We study the productivity, financial and distributional performance of the United States Postal Service subsequent to its
1971 reorganization. We investigate the magnitude and the economic drivers of productivity change (technical change, change
in cost efficiency, and scale economies), and we investigate the distribution of the financial benefits of productivity change
(among consumers of postal services, postal employees and other resource suppliers, and residual claimants). We find improvements
in technology to have been the main driver of, and diseconomies of scale to have been the main drag on, productivity change.
We find labor to have been the main beneficiary, and consumers of postal services the main losers, from postal reorganization.
相似文献
996.
Karl M. Hillman Author Vitae Björn A. Sandén Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2008,75(8):1279-1302
By using socio-technical scenarios, we investigate how present policy choices may affect the development of alternative transport fuels in Sweden. One important choice for policy lies in the balance between general tax exemptions stimulating the market for alternative fuels, and funding of research and development more directly promoting new technology. The implications of this choice are illustrated with four diverging development paths until 2020. In the market-oriented scenarios, we illustrate consequences of breaking the dominance of entrenched technologies and demonstrating a growing market potential for alternatives, but also the risks with a large focus on first generation renewable fuels. In the technology-oriented scenarios, we point out the value of keeping variety among niches in this stage of the transition. In conclusion, if policy is implemented without taking the dynamic forces within the system into account, there is a risk that any measure leads the system into a dead end. But if policy strives to balance the development in different parts of the technological system while making use of various prevailing forces of change, a multitude of different efforts can contribute to the development of a more sustainable transport system. 相似文献
997.
The trade literature has long discussed the existence of some benefits attributed to exporting (learning-by-exporting), among others, the improvement in survival chances. This paper examines whether exporting SMEs enjoy better survival prospects than non-exporting SMEs. We investigate the determinants of survival of exporting and non-exporting SMEs and explore whether the exporting behaviour plays a significant role in explaining their probability of exit. For this purpose, we estimate discrete time proportional hazard models that account for unobserved individual heterogeneity. The dataset is a sample of Spanish manufacturing SMEs drawn from the Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE) for 1990–2002. After controlling for firm, industry and economy characteristics, we find evidence supporting the existence of a sizeable “surviving-by-exporting” effect. That is, exporting SMEs face a significantly lower probability of failure than non-exporters. 相似文献
998.
This paper investigates the relationship between patents and research and development expenditures using new longitudinal
patent data at the firm level for the U.S. manufacturing sector from 1982 to 1992. The paper also develops a new class of
count panel data models based on series expansion of the distribution of individual effects. Estimation results from various
distributed lag and dynamic multiplicative panel count data models show that the contemporaneous relationship between patenting
and R&D expenditures continues to be strong, accounting for over 60% of the total R&D elasticity. The lag effects are higher
than have previously been found for the 1970s data.
We would like to thank Chris Bollinger, Bronwyn Hall and Paula Stephan for useful comments on the previous version of the
paper. Earlier versions were presented at the 11th International Conference on Panel Data, Texas A&M University, the Midwest
Econometrics Group Meeting, and the Annual Conference of the Southern Economic Association. 相似文献
999.
In this paper we estimate a standard version of the New Keynesian Monetary (NKM) model augmented with term structure in order
to analyze two issues. First, we analyze the effect of introducing an explicit term structure channel in the NKM model on
the estimated parameter values of the model, with special emphasis on the interest rate smoothing parameter using data for
the Eurozone. Second, we study the ability of the model to reproduce some stylized facts such as highly persistent dynamics,
the weak comovement between economic activity and inflation, and the positive, strong comovement between interest rates observed
in actual Eurozone data. The Sect. 3 implemented is a classical structural method based on the indirect inference principle.
We are grateful to Eduardo Ley, two anonymous referees and seminar participants at the XXXI Simposio de Análisis Económico
(Oviedo, Spain) and Bank of Spain for their useful comments. Financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and
Universidad del País Vasco (Spain) and Fundación Séneca through projects SEJ2004-04811/ECON, 9/UPV00035.321-13511/2001 and
I02937/PHCS/05, respectively, is gratefully acknowledged. The first author also thanks Fundación Ramón Areces for financial
support. 相似文献
1000.
Théophile Azomahou 《Cliometrica》2008,2(1):49-83
This paper contributes to the interface literature of new methodological foundation of analyzing historical data with space
and spatio-temporal phenomena. In particular, I consider estimating the spatial panel autoregressive model using the minimum
distance estimator. Spatial autoregression has important implications for economic system that typifies correlatedness across
many spatial locations and which could evolve over long span of time. To overcome computational difficulties, I suggest a
two-stage estimation procedure based on minimum distance estimators. A striking feature of the proposed model is that minimum
distance estimates are derived under common slopes and complete equality of parameters across spatial units. Assumption of
common slopes across spatial units is an empirical and theoretical plausibility as many spatial units are observed to share
common trend and typology of changes occurring to the individual system under which equality of parameters are possibilities.
The estimation strategy allows various restrictions on time-varying vector parameters. Moreover, those restrictions can easily
be tested. I apply this procedure to the residential demand for water of 115 French municipalities over the biannual period
1988–1993. The primary contribution of the paper is to the methodological side of cliometrics while the empirical application
(with shorter time period) has been presented for illustrative purpose although, it can nonetheless be readily applied to
historical data with long-time horizon allowing for restrictions such as spatio-temporal common vector and structural break
in parameter estimates.
相似文献
Théophile AzomahouEmail: |