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Expenditure for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been in the centre of recent policy debate in the preparation of the Financial Framework for the period 2014–2020. Expenditure has generally been considered as the necessary costs for the achievement of the CAP objectives. The authors of this article argue that expenditure is not equal to the economic costs of a policy. Moreover, they claim that the main part of CAP expenditure is not well targeted for the achievement of the CAP’s objectives. The bulk of expenditure is for direct payments tied to agricultural land and, hence, contributes little if anything to CAP’s objectives as laid down in the treaties of the European Union or officially articulated elsewhere. 相似文献
64.
Prof. Dr. Walter Brenner Prof. Dr. Dimitris Karagiannis Prof. Dr. Lutz Kolbe Dipl.-Kffm. Jens Krüger Prof. Larry Leifer Dr. Hermann-Josef Lamberti Prof. Dr. Jan Marco Leimeister Prof. Dr. Hubert Österle Charles Petrie Prof. Dr. Hasso Plattner Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schwabe Prof. Dr. Falk Uebernickel Prof. Dr. Robert Winter Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Zarnekow 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2014,6(1):55-61
Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE) is at a turning point. Planning, designing, developing and operating IT used to be a management task of a few elites in public ad-ministrations and corporations. But the continuous digitization of nearly all areas of life changes the IT landscape fundamentally. Success in this new era requires putting the human perspective – the digital user – at the very heart of the new digitized service-led economy. BISE faces not just a temporary trend but a complex socio-technical phenomenon with far-reaching implications. The challenges are manifold and have major consequences for all stakeholders, both in information systems and management research as well as in practice. Corporate processes have to be re-designed from the ground up, starting with the user’s perspective, thus putting usage experience and utility of the individual center stage. The digital service economy leads to highly personalized application systems while organizational functions are being fragmented. Entirely new ways of interacting with information systems, in particular beyond desktop IT, are being invented and established. These fundamental challenges require novel approaches with regards to innovation and development methods as well as adequate concepts for enterprise or service system architectures. Gigantic amounts of data are being generated at an accelerating rate by an increasing number of devices – data that need to be managed. In order to tackle these extraordinary challenges we introduce ‘user, use & utility’ as a new field of BISE that focuses primarily on the digital user, his or her usage behavior and the utility associated with system usage in the digitized service-led economy. The research objectives encompass the development of theories, methods and tools for systematic requirement elicitation, systems design, and business development for successful Business and Information Systems Engineering in a digitized economy – information systems that digital users enjoy using. This challenge calls for leveraging insights from various scientific disciplines such as Design, Engineering, Computer Science, Psychology and Sociology. BISE can provide an integrated perspective, thereby assuming a pivotal role within the digitized service led economy. 相似文献
65.
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Frank Prof. Dr. Stefan Strecker PD Dr. Peter Fettke Prof. Dr. Jan vom Brocke Prof. Dr. Jörg Becker Prof. Dr. Elmar Sinz 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2014,6(1):39-43
The research field “Modeling business information systems” has a long tradition in the scientific discipline of Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE). The present paper highlights research shaping the research field, discusses challenges impairing the development of the research field in the coming years, and outlines elements of a future research agenda. 相似文献
66.
Do Entrepreneurs Need Firms? A Contribution to a Missing Chapter in Austrian Economics 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The Review of Austrian Economics - 相似文献
67.
Ulrich Berger 《Journal of Economic Theory》2007,135(1):572-578
What modern game theorists describe as “fictitious play” is not the learning process George W. Brown defined in his 1951 paper. Brown's original version differs in a subtle detail, namely the order of belief updating. In this note we revive Brown's original fictitious play process and demonstrate that this seemingly innocent detail allows for an extremely simple and intuitive proof of convergence in an interesting and large class of games: nondegenerate ordinal potential games. 相似文献
68.
A questionnaire survey has found that most fund managers rely on the strategies of buy-&-hold, momentum and contrarian trading. These strategies are typically applied mutually. Their use is rooted in the attributes and beliefs of the respective fund managers: buy-&-hold traders are fundamentally oriented, risk averse and are less (over)confident than others. Momentum traders appear as the least risk-averse professionals, going aggressively with the trend. Contrarian traders, however, show signs of overconfidence and peculiar risk aversion, both indicating difficulties in successful strategy implementation. The behavioural patterns revealed are not easily reconciled with efficient markets. 相似文献
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Ulrich Kohli 《Review of World Economics》1985,121(4):741-755
Zusammenfassung U.S.-Importe nach Ursprungsl?ndern: Ein systematischer Ansatz.- Die amerikanischen Import-Nachfragefunktionen werden für sieben
Ursprungsregionen gesch?tzt. Sie alle werden aus demselben Strukturmodell abgeleitet und gemeinsam gesch?tzt unter Beachtung
der Restriktionen, die sich aus der Nachfragetheorie ergeben. Dieses Verfahren stellt sicher, da\ das System von Importnachfragefunktionen
intern konsistent ist; die statistische Effizienz wird erh?ht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, da\ die Elastizit?ten der Importe in
bezug auf den eigenen Preis je nach Ursprungsregion sehr stark voneinander abweichen und da\ die besten Substitutionsm?glichkeiten
zwischen Einfuhren aus Japan und denen aus einigen europ?ischen L?ndern bestehen.
Resumen Las importaciones de los EEUU según su origen: un análisis sistemático. - Se estiman funciones de demanda de importaciones de los EEUU para siete regiones de origen. Las funciones de importaciones son derivadas de un mismo modelo estructural y estimadas simultáneamente respetando las restricciones sugeridas por la teoría de la demanda. Este procedimiento asegura que el sistema de funciones de demanda de importaciones sea consistente y que se mejore la eficiencia estadística. Los resultados indican que las elasticidadesprecio de la demanda de importaciones varían ampliamente entre las regiones de origen y que las mejores oportunidades para sustituír importaciones se encuentran en las importaciones provenientes del Japón y de algunos países de Europa.
Résumé Importations des E.U. par origine: une approche systématique. - L’auteur estime des fonctions de la demande importatrice des E.U. pour sept régions d’origine. Toutes les fonctions d’importation sont dérivées du même modèle structurel, et elles sont estimées en commun sous les restrictions suggérées par la théorie de la demande. Cette procédure assure que le système des fonctions de demande importatrice est internement consistant et l’efficience statistique est augmentée. Les résultats indiquent que les propres élasticités de prix des importations varient largement entre des régions d’origine et que les possibilités de substitution sont les plus grandes entre les importations du Japon et les importations de quelques pays européens.相似文献