Population trends and employment in the European CMEA countries

The trends in population growth and employment in the European member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) as a whole were, in past decades, characterized by a relatively fast rate. At the same time, increases in the rate of employment exceeded in most of these countries, as a consequence of the activation of initial large reserves of the social labor force, increases in the population of reproductive age. In the 2nd 1/2 of the 1970s and in the early 1980s, the growth rate of labor resources was slower in most European CMEA countries due to demographic reasons. In view of the high rate of the economically active population, this was reflected in increased pressure for raising the productivity of labor. Some countries (Hungary, Poland) registered an absolute decrease in employment during that time.     

超大城市土地优化配置中的人口问题——以广州市为例

超大城市土地资源的短缺迫切要求实现土地的优化配置。本文以广州市为例,从土地优化配置要顺应城市空间结构变化和产业结构升级这一角度入手,分析了在土地优化配置中的人口再分布、人口优化配置、新旧区之间的人口流迁、暂住人口和老年人口等问题,并提出了对策。