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131.
132.
Abstract: Oversight agencies in the water sector emphasize performance monitoring based on outputs, such as customers served, volume delivered, and service quality. However, bureaucratic tendencies can curtail operational innovation and creativity. In situations where managers lack full operating knowledge and capacities, proactive and consultative monitoring and regulation can yield benefits. This study reviews the results of Uganda's National Water and Sewerage Corporation's (NWSC) approach to performance monitoring (and ‘self‐regulation’). The purpose of this study is to outline corrective actions undertaken by the NWSC Management and Staff to turn around performance, the sequencing of those steps, and the outcomes from this reform program. The NWSC focuses on promoting improvements in technical processes and input selection. Improvements in service quality and network expansion resulted from aligning performance improvement initiatives with the organization's financial performance and team development. The program's success required managing organizational rigidities and moving towards full cost‐recovery. In particular, organizational incentives and information flows encouraged managers to reduce rules and procedures that hindered strong performance. African proverbs are interspersed throughout the article to underscore key themes and lessons for those designing, implementing, and evaluating infrastructure sector reform initiatives. 相似文献
133.
A. S. Nekrasov Yu. V. Sinyak S. A. Voronina V. V. Semikashev 《Studies on Russian Economic Development》2011,22(1):20-30
The paper overviews the contemporary state of Russia’s heat supply systems and fuel consumption within its centralized part,
the structure of heat consumption by economic sectors and types of industrial consumers. As shown, the centralized heat supply
systems, providing the major part of country’s economy with low temperature heat, have heat losses and accident rate at a
critical level. The state of decentralized heat supply systems of low rise buildings is not covered by national statistics
at all. A second paper on the prospects and development of Russia’s heat supply systems will be published in a subsequent
issue. 相似文献
134.
This paper examines the impact of trade policy on specialization patterns in ten Latin American countries over the period
1985–1998. These countries are natural case studies because in the last decades they implemented comprehensive trade liberalization
programs, both generally and preferentially, starting from relatively high tariff protection levels. Our econometric results
suggest that reducing own most favored nation tariffs is associated with increasing manufacturing production specialization.
Furthermore, we find that preferential trade liberalization and differences in the degree of unilateral openness have resulted
in increased dissimilarities in manufacturing production structures across countries. These results are robust across specialization
measures and estimation methods.
相似文献
Christian Volpe MartincusEmail: |
135.
Economists and other social scientists are calling for a reassessment of the impact of international trade on labor markets
in developed and developing countries. Classical models of globalization and trade, based upon the international exchange
of finished goods, fail to capture the fragmentation of much commodity production and the geographical separation of individual
production tasks. This fragmentation, captured in the growing volume of intra-industry trade, prompts investigation of the
effects of trade within, rather than between, sectors of the economy. In this paper we examine the relationship between international
trade and the task structure of US employment. We link disaggregate US trade data from 1972 to 2006, the NBER manufacturing
database, the Decennial Census, and occupational and task data from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Within-industry
shifts in task characteristics are linked to import competition and technological change. Our results suggest that trade has
played a major role in the growth in relative demand for nonroutine tasks, particularly those requiring high levels of interpersonal
interaction. 相似文献
136.
Spot to retail price pass-through behavior of the U.S. gasoline market was investigated at the national and regional levels, using weekly wholesale and retail motor gasoline prices from January 2000 to the present. Asymmetric pass-through was found across all regions, with faster pass-through when prices are rising. Pass-through patterns, in terms of speed and time for completion, were found to vary from region to region. Spatial aggregation was investigated at the national level and the East Coast with the aggregated cumulative pass-through being greater than the volume-weighted regional pass-through when spot prices increase. These results are useful to the petroleum industry, consumers, and policy makers by providing a basis to estimate the retail price effects that result from a change in spot price. 相似文献
137.
This paper presents a preliminary analysis of third party complaint handling mechanisms, based on data obtained from the Hawaii Office of Consumer Protection. Specifically, the study focuses on the types of complaints processed by the Agency, the factors which affect the redress received by consumers and the length of investigation time. 相似文献
138.
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140.
Alexander Beutler 《Heilberufe》2011,63(12):10-13
Den Teufelskreis durchbrechen — Angst zu haben ist normal. Was aber, wenn in allt?glichen Situationen ?ngste und Panikattacken auftreten oder gar allein der Gedanke an erlebte ?ngste ?ngstigt? Wenn die „Alarmanlage“ Angst gest?rt ist und st?ndig „Fehlalarme“ auftreten? Wie k?nnen Angsterkrankte den Teufelskreis durchbrechen und wie k?nnen Pflegende dabei entscheidend weiterhelfen? 相似文献