Why Disability Mainstreaming is Good for Business: A New Narrative

Journal of Business Ethics - In developed economies, powerful legislative and regulatory frameworks, for people with disability (PWD) over the last five decades, have provided major motivation for...     

Gender disparities: a medical detoxification program

Significant gaps exist in health care regarding gender in the United States. Health status, social roles, culturally patterned behavior and access to health care can be influenced by gender. Women have been the primary users of health care and minority women usually have received poorer quality care than Non-Hispanic White (NHW) females. The objectives of this study were to identify gender, racial and ethnic disparities in access to substance abuse treatment in a Texas hospital. Secondary data collected on 1,309 subjects who underwent detoxification were studied. Gender, race/ethnicity, drug of abuse, relapse and financial classification were included in the analysis. Results indicate Hispanic females and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) females were about 5 and 3.5 more likely than NHW females to use Medicaid services respectively (p < .05). NHW and NHB males were more likely to use Medicare than females (p < .05). NHB and Hispanic females were 5.8 and 2.1 times more likely to receive care for abuse of cocaine when compared to NHW females respectively (p < .05). Hispanic females were 2.3 times more likely to relapse than Non-Hispanic females, and uninsured NHB females were 7.1 times at a higher risk to abuse multiple drugs compare to NHW females (p < .05). Socio-economic factors, lower labor force participation rates, and less financial independence can explain females utilizing more often Medicaid regardless of their race/ethnicity. These results can be also explained by aggressive case management utilization, socio cultural barriers and/or discriminatory practices, both intentional and unintentional.     

Adjustment Dynamics of Paper and Paprboard Consurption in Canada

Using time-series data from 1961 to 1982, habitual nature of consumption of paper and paperboard products in Canada was analyzed and short-run and long-run income and price elasticities were estimated. Five groups of paper and paperboard products, based on data from Canadian sources, were specified: (i) newsprint, (ii) printing and writing paper, (iii) tissue and sanitary paper, (iv) wrapping paper, and (v) paperboard. Two formulations of stock adjustment models (with current income and current price in the first and permanent income and expected price in the second) were specified. An adaptive expectation model and a double logarithmic static model were also estimated for comparing the results with the more desirable dynamic stock adjustment models. The first two models were estimated by nonlinear estimation technique. The adaptive expectation model was estimated with the combination of GLS and a two-dimensional grid search over expectation coefficients. The static model was estimated by the OLS. The results indicated that it is worthwhile to estimate dynamic models because they show superiority over the static model in terms of explanatory power. Estimates from the stock adjustment model indicated that consumption of newsprint and printing and writing paper are subject to inventory adjustments and the other three products to habit formation. The income and price coefficients were all estimated to be positive and negative, respectively, and mostly were significantly different from zero. All long-run income and price elasticities exceeded those in the short run. Consumption of all paper and paperboard products in Canada was found to be income elastic in the long run. Similarly, price elasticities of consumption of all products were high and greater than one for printing and writing paper and for paperboard in the long run. Thus, the supposedly inelastic response of consumption of paper and paperboard to price changes, as concluded by many workers in the past, is not supported when habit, stock and expectational effects are taken into account. La nature habituelie de consommation de papier et de produits de carton au Canada est étudiée d'après les données chronologiques de 1961 à 1982. Les revenus sur une periode courte et longue ainsi que l‘élasticité des prix sont estimés. Cinq groupes de papier et de produits de carton, basés sur des données de source canadienne, sont spécifiés: (i) papier journal, (ii) papier d'imprimerie et d’écriture, (iii) papier pelure et papier sanitaire, (iv) papier d'emballage, et (v) carton. Deux formulations de modèles de règlement de stock (avec revenu courant et prix courant dans la première et revenu permanent et prix attendu dans la deuxième) sont spécifiées. Un modèle adaptable d'attente et un modèle “double logarithmic static” sont aussi estimés pour comparer les résultats avec les modèles d'adjustage dynamique de stock qui sont plus désirables. Les deux premiers modèles sont estimés par une technique d'estimation nonlinéaire. Le modèle adaptable d'attente est estimé avec la combinaison de GLS et une recherche de quadrillage à deux dimensions des coefficients d'attente. Le modèle statique est estimé par OLS. Les résultats indiquent qu'il est valable d'estimer les modèles dynamiques parce qu'ils montrent la supériorité sur le modéle statique en terme de pouvoir explicatif. Les estimations du modèle d'ajustage de stock indiquent que la consommation de papier journal et de papier d'imprimerie et d‘écriture est sujet à des ajustages d'inventaire et les trois autres produits à la formation d'habitude. Les coefficients de revenu et de prix sont tous estimés positifs et négatifs, respectivement, et surtout sont significativement different de zéro. Toutes les élasticités de période longue de revenu et de prix ont excédé celles de période courte. On trouve que la consommation de tous papiers et produits de carton au Canada est élastique quant au revenu à la longue. De la même manière, les élasticités de prix de consommation de tous les produits sont élevées et plus qu'un pour le papier d'imprimerie et d’écriture et pour le carton à la longue. Done, la réponse de consommation de papier et carton aux changements de prix supposément inélastique, ainsi que conclue par beaucoup de travailleurs dans le passé, n'est pas supportée lorsque l'habitude, le stock et les effets attendus sont pris en considération.     

Are there long-run implications of analyst coverage for IPOs?

Analyst coverage has been cited increasingly as an important attribute in the selection of an underwriter for a firm about to go public. However, it has also been alleged that affiliated analysts provide biased research. In this study, we examine these interrelated issues by examining the long-run performance of IPOs with coverage from their managing underwriters in a 1993–2003 sample. We find that (1) analysts’ research coverage from their managing syndicate is not related to long-run performance; (2) long-run performance is not different for firms that receive all-star analyst coverage; and (3) investors are not systematically worse off for following lead underwriter recommendations.