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61.
Volker Stern 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2009,89(5):318-321
Zusammenfassung Die Bundesregierungen verfolgen seit langem — zum Teil durch das Bundesverfassungsgericht dazu veranlasst — das Ziel, niedrige
Einkommen steuerlich zu entlasten. Mit dem Konjunkturpaket II wurden wiederum Tarifkorrekturen für 2009 und 2010 beschlossen.
Welche Folgen diese Politik seit 1990 für die mittleren Einkommen hat, zeigt Volker Stern vom Karl-Br?uer-Institut des Bundes
der Steuerzahler.
Volker Stern, 55, Dipl.-Volkswirt, ist Mitarbeiter im Bereich Haushaltspolitik, Steuerpolitik und Steuerrecht des Karl-Br?uer-Instituts
des Bundes der Steuerzahler in Berlin. 相似文献
62.
Volker Bethke 《Intereconomics》1972,7(6):185-188
Reviewing the evolution of Chinese economic aid, it can be found that the People’s Republic, though labouring under relatively adverse conditions, has proved its mettle in this field by actively supporting less developed countries (LDCs) over many years. 相似文献
63.
Pensions and fertility incentives 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Abstract. This paper discusses the welfare implications of a pay‐as‐you‐go pension reform by introducing a child benefit in an endogenous fertility setting. In the model of a small open economy, higher fertility is associated with a reduction of lifetime labour supply. The optimum share of fertility‐related pensions is always below unity, but generally positive. The former is true, since individuals do not take into account the impact of their labour supply choice on the parent generation. It is demonstrated that child allowances are equivalent to fertility‐related pensions as instruments to achieve the optimum allocation. JEL classification: H23, H55, J13 相似文献
64.
Lars P. Feld Christoph M. Schmidt Isabel Schnabel Volker Wieland 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2017,97(7):477-483
The newly elected French president Macron now faces the challenge of reforming the French economy by increasing its competitiveness in order to decrease unemployment and to open new perspectives for a more prosperous economic future. The success of this endeavour is also of the utmost importance for Germany. The best support that Germany can offer to support French reforms consists of promoting the European integration process based on the subsidiarity principle. This can only be achieved by maintaining a balance between national responsibility and joint action and by choosing the right sequence of reform steps. 相似文献
65.
66.
In this paper we investigate an important obstacle which substantially complicates co-operation between ecologists and economists but which has received little attention so far: differences between the modelling approaches in economics and ecology. To understand these differences, 60 models addressing issues relevant to biodiversity conservation have been selected randomly from eight international economic and ecological journals. The models have been compared according to a number of criteria including the models' level of generality; the mathematical techniques employed for formulation and solution of the models; the level of complexity and the way time, space and uncertainty are taken into account. The economic models sampled are formulated and analysed analytically, tend to be relatively simple and are mostly used to investigate general questions. Furthermore, they often ignore space, dynamics and uncertainty. Although some ecological models have similar properties, there is also a substantial number of another type of ecological models that are relatively complex and analysed by simulation. These models tend to be rather specific and often explicitly consider dynamics, space and uncertainty. The integrated ecological-economic models are observed to lie “in the middle” between ecological and economic models. An unexpected result is that they are not more complex than ecological and economic models (as one could have expected from a simple “merger” of models from both disciplines), but have an intermediate complexity. 相似文献
67.
Volker H. Schmidt 《New Technology, Work and Employment》1991,6(2):112-123
The introduction of new technology is often accompanied by changes in working time arrangements. These changes, however, are by no means homogeneous. They are contingent upon a variety of factors which may differ widely from organization to organization. Using findings from a study on the consequences of CAD application it is shown that among these factors the bargaining power of affected employee groups is particularly important. 相似文献
68.
69.
The impact of changes in the level of reserve requirements imposed on banks and in the interest rate paid on impounded funds are examined using the Asset Pricing Model. Significant wealth effects are found to exist. These results are consistent with hypotheses advanced by Johnson (1972) and Penner and Silber (1973). 相似文献
70.
Abstract Why do borders still matter for economic activity? The reunification of Germany in 1990 provides a unique natural experiment for examining the effect of political borders on trade. With the fall of the Berlin Wall and the rapid formation of a political and economic union, strong and strictly enforced administrative barriers to trade between East Germany and West Germany were eliminated completely within a very short period of time. Remarkable persistence in intra‐German trade patterns along the former East‐West border suggests that border effects are neither statistical artefacts nor driven by administrative barriers to trade, but arise from economic fundamentals. 相似文献