Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in a Dynamic East Asian Economy

Labor markets in the East Asian “miracle” economies have undergone profound changes in recent decades as their comparative advantage in low-wage labor diminished and jobs shifted toward higher-skill manufacturing and services. This study uses an occupational decomposition technique to examine how such shifts in East Asia's occupational structures have affected trends in their gender wage gaps. The wage gap is decomposed into across-occupation and within-occupation factors that are each further separated into wage and employment components. Results based on a comprehensive labor force data set for Taiwan show that within-occupation pay discrepancies account for the bulk of gender wage inequity.     

The moderating effect of on‐line experience on the antecedents and consequences of on‐line satisfaction

The purpose of the present study is to test the moderating effect of on‐line experience on antecedents to on‐line satisfaction and on the relationship between on‐line satisfaction and loyalty. A survey (n = 836) was conducted to test the differences between high and low online experience respondents. The relationship between on‐line satisfaction and on‐line loyalty is stronger for consumers with more online experience than for consumers with less on‐line experience. Another key finding is that antecedents to on‐line satisfaction also differ between high and low on‐line experience consumers. Implications indicate that organizations may develop and provide differentiated services to high‐ and low‐experience consumers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Integrating Credit Models Using Accounting Information With Loan Officers' Decision Processes

This paper focuses on loan officers' cognitive processes of problem detection and problem-hypothesis formulation, which are incorporated into a credit model when they are confronted with loan decisions. Prior credit models in banking have not directly addressed loan officers' internal processes in a loan situation. The integration of both loan officers' cognitive processes and information used in a credit model can better help explain their decision-making biases. The results presented in this paper showed that information derived from a credit model influences loan officers' problem detection and problem-hypothesis formulation, and these processes are important factors in their loan approval. To identify loan officers' decision-making processes, the approach used in this paper integrates principles from financial management, economics, and cognitive psychology with methodological developments from psychometrics and econometrics.     

Reconceptualizing Informal Work Practices: Some Observations from an Ethnic Minority Community in Urban UK

Whilst paid informal work has been conceptualized as a form of paid employment imbued with solely economic motivations, this article critically argues that such a market‐­oriented reading fails to take into account alternative explanations for the existence of informal work practices. Using evidence from 50 interviews conducted within a Pakistani urban community in a northern UK city, this article, uses a mixed‐embeddedness perspective to highlight the importance of predominantly socially and culturally driven motives in the decision to engage in informal work. The findings highlight that participation in informal work, whilst a product of marginalization due to certain institutional and structural factors, is also driven by a range of non‐monetary motives—a result of certain socially embedded work relations between ethnic minority workers and their employers. It is this social embeddedness of the employer–employee relationship in the Pakistani ethnic minority community that explains the continuation of informal work practices in the face of prevailing laws and regulations. The findings add weight to the understanding of informal work as being about more than just economics and constraints, offering these ethnic minority workers opportunities, even status, and giving them agency in an otherwise disempowered situation.     

Three Primary Trust Pathways Underlying Ethical Considerations

The role of trust pathways in achieving a competitive advantage is becoming increasingly important for effective ethical consideration policies in all business and non-business sectors. This paper argues that there are three primary trust pathways of rational choice, rule-based trust, and category-based trust that underscore the basis of trust relationships. The implementation of these primary trust pathways is strongly influenced by expertise level, incomplete information, rapidly shifting environments, and/or time-pressure. The refinement of the interaction of information exchange and framing of problems can produce three secondary higher-level trust pathways of third party-based trust, role-based trust, and knowledge-based trust. These six different trust pathways that guide ethical consideration issues are discussed with a Throughput Modeling theoretical approach.     

有效发挥跨国企业绩效的文化衔接

来自文化差异的挑战 太多的合并、收购以及合资经营没有达到预期目标.做出"联姻"决策的两家企业往往出于深思熟虑的战略动机,双方希望建立起便于共同实施管理的共享愿景和方式.在尽职调查阶段,各方面的专家会指出存在的问题或潜在的风险,尽管有关决策是在深入调查的基础上做出的,但仍免不了失败的可能.     

Population,employment and poverty in the Philippines

This paper briefly describes a medium- to long-term dynamic simulation model of economic-demographic interrelationships in a developing country that was developed by researchers in the International Labour Office. The model, applied to the Philippines, is illustrated by providing some examples of the effects of policy changes (e.g. migration policies, nationalization, public works, education policies, etc.), in the model on population growth, poverty, employment, and other aspects of Philippine development. The central thesis of the work is that economic-demographic inter-relationships are complex, and must therefore be modelled in some detail before meaningful statements on the effects of demographic change on economic development can be made.