Customer orientation,engagement, and developing positive emotional labor

Frontline employees must deal on a daily basis with emotionally demanding customer interactions. Such interactions, when coupled with organizational directives to focus upon exemplary customer service, can prompt employees to express feelings and emotions that are not genuine. Such ‘surface acting' has been found to create stress in frontline personnel, but an understanding of how this negative aspect of emotional labor may be minimized is lacking in the services literature. How a frontline employee's individual attributes might interact with a service work context to build deep, as opposed to surface, acting is the current focus. Applying job demands–resources theory, this study investigates how a frontline employee's customer orientation helps to develop positive work engagement, even in the face of contextual demands. Engagement is then linked positively to the beneficial behavior of deep acting which, in contrast to surface acting, has been identified as a less stressful form of emotional labor.     

Managing Opportunism in China: The Roles of Guanxi,Environmental Uncertainty,and Management Culture

ABSTRACT

This cross-cultural comparison aims to understand whether the influence of consumer ethnocentrism (CE) on consumer preference for domestic versus foreign products is product category and country-of-origin dependent. Three countries with dissimilar cultural orientation and economic status—China, South Korea, and the United States—were examined. American consumers were found to be more ethnocentric than Chinese and South Korean consumers. CE was found to significantly and positively predict American and Korean consumers’ preference for domestic products across product categories, while Chinese consumers’ CE did not translate into their preference for Chinese products. In addition, the relationship between CE and purchase preference varied across product categories as well as countries of origin.     

改革开放三十年中国对外贸易发展战略回顾与展望

"出口导向"的对外贸易发展战略在中国获得了巨大的成功。本文对该战略及其理论基础进行了文献综述。本文认为在改革开放三十年后的今天,"出口导向"战略面临着诸多的问题,需要不断转型。为此,本文提出并详细分析了"中性的"贸易战略。     

论人的全面发展的历史必然性与当代价值——以马克思异化劳动理论为视角

马克思把哲学的"异化"概念与经济学的"劳动"概念结合起来,形成了"异化劳动"理论。马克思提出,在资本主义制度下私有制的生产关系造成了私人利益和公共利益的分裂,劳动发生了异化,结果使人的自由劳动变成维持人的肉体生存的手段。异化劳动理论蕴含着人的全面发展思想:异化劳动扬弃的过程是实现人的全面发展的过程、人的全面发展是对异化劳动的全面超越,是合乎客观规律的历史必然性。深入研究马克思的异化劳动理论,对于学习和理解党的十八大报告提出的坚持科学发展观的指导思想具有重要的现实价值和实践意义。     

Using the fuzzy set theory to developing an environmental impact assessment index for a thermal power plant

Korean thermal power has had a prominent position in energy policies for the past decades. However, pollutants from the combustion of fossil fuels used in converting thermal energy into electrical energy have undesirable effect on the environment. This paper applies fuzzy set theory (FST) to identifying the significance of various environmental impacts using a specific case study of the electric power utilities in Korea. To this end, we consider nine environmental impacts: mortality, morbidity, forest, agricultural production, materials, visibility, thermal discharge water, landscape, and global warming. A survey of randomly sampled 1,000 households was administrated to obtain value judgments from FST about the environmental impacts of a thermal power plant. The overall results show that global warming is the most important attribute in environmental effect-related decision-making processes and followed by morbidity and mortality in order. The implications of the results for electric power utilities are also discussed. We found that the work and results can provide valuable insights for major decision making in energy and environmental planning of the electric power utilities.     

保险公司价值链及经营要素分析

价值链是企业竞争优势分析的重要工具。引入价值链分析方法,有助于深入分析保险公司的竞争优势。从保险公司的经营活动特征出发,设计保险公司的价值链,有助于更加系统地分析保险公司的经营因素。以价值链为基础,保险公司包括16项基本经营要素：8项“资源与结构”类要素和8项“运营能力”类要素。这些经营要素通过不同的机制影响和决定着保险公司的竞争力,但是各项要素的作用机制并非均衡的。     

我国商业银行绩效评价新思路

<正>商业银行绩效评价是商业银行战略管理的重要组成部分,选定合适的绩效评价指标并合理地确定指标权重是构建商业银行绩效评价体系的首要问题。目前,商业银行绩效评价主要方法是平衡记分卡,由于平衡记分卡中     

分税种视角下中国税收高速增长之谜的分阶段剖析

本文从分税种的角度解构分析了中国税收增长的原因,认为中国税收2002年以前的超常增长是企业所得税和个人所得税的超速增长引致;而2002年以后则主要是由于税收征收率的提升促成.其中既有合理性因素如企业效益的提高,个人收入水平的上升,征管手段的先进等,也有非合理性因素,主要是税率较高,而且缺乏弹性,调整往往滞后于经济发展变化的客观实际.这两类因素对于税收增长的意义显然是不同的.前一类因素是良性的.而后一类不合理性因素从长期来看会对中国经济的健康发展产生负面影响.     

Suppliers’ Participation in a Single Buyer Electronic Market

Business to business (B2B) is the fastest growing segment of the explosive growth of e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to identify internal factors which influence the supplier’s intention to adopt private exchange (PE), a single buyer side electronic market (EM). This study identified cost, flexibility, delivery, and quality as internal capabilities and investigated how these four factors influence suppliers’ participation in PE. The results of the study indicate the following: (1) suppliers do not believe that their capability to produce customized products for customers plays an important role in PE; (2) they still believe that standardized rather than engineered products would dominate the marketplace; and (3) a contractible factor like lower price, rather than non-contractible factors including superior flexibility of production capability, fast and reliable delivery, and quality, plays an important role in the PE.     

Impacts of health and environmental consciousness on young female consumers' attitude towards and purchase of natural beauty products

This study investigated young female consumers' beauty product shopping behavioural patterns, their perceived importance of product attributes, and their attitude towards and purchase of natural beauty products. This study also examines whether consumers' product attitudes and shopping behaviours are influenced by their health and environmental consciousness. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 210 female college students enrolled at a south‐eastern university in the US. In order to examine the impacts of both health and environmental consciousness on other selected variables, the respondents were divided into four groups based on their scores on the two variables, and a series of analysis of variance were conducted to compare characteristics of the four groups. The results showed that health and environmental consciousness significantly influenced the importance placed on beauty product attributes. Additionally, those with a high level of both health and environmental consciousness were significantly more positive in their evaluations than those with low scores on both variables in their perceptions of natural beauty products. Those with low scores on both variables were significantly less willing than the other groups to pay more for natural beauty products. Analysis of variance results also indicated that the two groups with a high level of environmental consciousness purchased natural beauty products more frequently than those with a low level of health and environmental consciousness, indicating a relatively stronger impact of environmental consciousness than health consciousness on frequency of natural beauty product purchases. Health and environmental consciousness were both significantly related to a respondent's perceived level of knowledge of beauty products and ability to distinguish natural from conventional beauty products.