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As an alternative approach to outsourcing, the Shared Service Organisation (SSO) model retains support services in-house. By re-locating in specialised sites, and by incorporating characteristics from business divisions, head office and outsourcing, the SSO is a new organisational form that combines a market-style, customer-centred, outlook with in-house management direction and control. Consultants claim that the SSO can reduce costs and improve support service quality, with the additional benefit that both control and knowledge remains located within the hierarchy of the firm.In order to critically review these claims and examine the specific novelty of the SSO, the paper interprets data from a longitudinal case study through the lens of institutional theory. Some implications for management accounting and management accountants are noted. 相似文献
255.
This paper examines the extent to which various regions, and the world as a whole, could gain from multilateral trade reform over the next decade. The World Bank's Linkage model of the global economy is employed to examine the impact first of current trade barriers and agricultural subsidies, and then of possible outcomes from the WTO's Doha Round. The results suggest moving to free global merchandise trade would boost real incomes in sub‐Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (and in Cairns Group countries) proportionately more than in other developing countries or high‐income countries. Real returns to farmland and unskilled labour, and real net farm incomes, would rise substantially in those developing‐country regions, thereby helping to reduce poverty. A Doha partial liberalisation could take the world some way towards those desirable outcomes, but more so the more agricultural subsidies are disciplined and applied tariffs are cut, and the more not just high‐income but also developing countries choose to engage in the process of reform. 相似文献
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This study examines how coalition governments affect the size of government, measured by total central government expenditure
as a share of GDP. Existing studies suggest that the presence of multiple political parties within ruling coalitions generate
common pool resource problems or bargaining inefficiencies which, in turn, leads to more government spending when coalition
governments are in office. We demonstrate that coalition governments have shorter time horizons than single party governments
and use that finding to motivate a simple formal model. The model shows that coalition governments have greater incentives
to increase government spending because of a lower discount factor in office. Results from empirical models estimated on a
global sample of 111 democracies between 1975 and 2007 provide strong statistical support for the aforementioned theoretical
prediction. The empirical results remain robust when we control for alternative explanations, employ different estimation
techniques, and use different measures of government spending. 相似文献
258.
The developing countries as a group could expect to experience only small welfare gains if they chose not to actively participate in agricultural trade liberalization and relied solely on the benefits of partial liberalization in the OECD countries. Participation along the lines of the Dunkel package, with the developing countries reducing positive assistance by less than the developed countries, would yield gains of the order of US $20 billion. More comprehensive participation in trade liberalization involving reductions of both positive and negative protection would almost triple these welfare gains. While some developing countries do not gain from trade liberalization even with full participation, the number of such countries and the magnitude of their losses are greatly reduced. 相似文献
259.
The calibration technique is the most common procedure to match the data generated from an equilibrium business cycle model with actual macroeconomic time series. This paper goes a step further and tests and applies a maximum likelihood procedure, in combination with the simulated annealing, to estimate the parameters of a baseline RBC model from U.S. macroeconomic time series data. The procedure is tested on a simulated data set where the parameters are known and then applied to U.S. time series data. This permits us to evaluate the efficiency of the procedure and the extent to which the RBC model is a good representation of macroeconomic data. 相似文献
260.
Kym Anderson Will Martin Dominique van der Mensbrugghe 《Review of Agricultural Economics》2006,28(2):168-194
The latest versions of the Global Trade Analysis Project database and the Linkage model of the global economy (projected to 2015) are used to estimate the impact of removing all merchandise trade distortions (including agricultural subsidies). Results suggest that a move to free merchandise trade would increase farm employment, the real value of agricultural output and exports, real returns to farm land and unskilled labor, and real net farm incomes in developing countries. This would occur despite the decline in international terms of trade for some developing countries that are net food importers or are enjoying preferential access to agricultural markets of high-income countries. 相似文献