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51.
Jan Fałkowski 《Agricultural Economics》2018,49(5):659-668
In this article, we test to what extent the food aid granted by the U.S. during the Cold War was strategically motivated and used to promote U.S. interests. Using the data for the period 1971–1990, we investigate whether U.S. wheat aid had an effect on recipient countries’ total import of American products. The evidence we provide suggests a positive and robust relationship and thus it is consistent with the argument that U.S. food aid helped to create larger markets for U.S. producers. 相似文献
52.
Dick van Dijk Siem Jan Koopman Michel van der Wel Jonathan H. Wright 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2014,29(5):693-712
We consider forecasting the term structure of interest rates with the assumption that factors driving the yield curve are stationary around a slowly time‐varying mean or ‘shifting endpoint’. The shifting endpoints are captured using either (i) time series methods (exponential smoothing) or (ii) long‐range survey forecasts of either interest rates or inflation and output growth, or (iii) exponentially smoothed realizations of these macro variables. Allowing for shifting endpoints in yield curve factors provides substantial and significant gains in out‐of‐sample predictive accuracy, relative to stationary and random walk benchmarks. Forecast improvements are largest for long‐maturity interest rates and for long‐horizon forecasts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
J. A. Kregel M. M. G. Fase C. van Ewijk D. B. J. Schouten Th. v.d. Klundert J. Snippe J. Muysken J. Sandee A. Szász Michael Ellman J. A. H. Maks F. Hartog R. P. Zuidema A. Heertje Jan Tinbergen W. Kennes E. Wester G. F. Pikkemaat J. Wemelsfelder J. J. Siegers Stan Standaert L. A. Ankum Frederik Muller Wim Klein Haneveld Peter Nijkamp 《De Economist》1983,131(1):94-143
54.
The relationship between financial liberalization policies and financial development is controversial. The impact of these policies differs greatly across countries. In the literature, the quality of formal institutions has been identified as an important source of this heterogeneity, as countries with a weak institutional environment generally fail to benefit from financial liberalization. Using panel data covering 82 countries for the period 1973–2008, we find evidence that social capital may substitute for formal institutions as a prerequisite for effective financial liberalization policies. In particular, we find that during the post Washington-consensus period countries with a high prevailing level of social capital can ensure that financial liberalization positively influences financial development, despite the poor quality of their formal institutions. 相似文献
55.
This paper is the first experimental study of the effects of competition and adverse selection on the performance of market maker (MM-) markets. Information distribution may is either symmetric or heterogeneous. MM-markets are either monopolistic (the specialist markets), or competitive (the multi MM-market). Welfare comparisons are with respect to a continuous double auction (DA-) market. Informed subjects receive an imperfect signal of the true state of the world. We find three main results. First, competition among market makers significantly reduces the bid-ask spread, and increases transaction volume. Second, competition among market makers induces competitive undercutting, yielding net trading losses for market makers as a group in most periods. Third, from the perspective of uninformed traders, a competing MM-regime is optimal, since it minimizes their expected trading losses. 相似文献
56.
The paper compares decision-making on the centralisation of public goods provision in the presence of regional externalities
under representative and direct democratic institutions. A model with two regions, two public goods and regional spillovers
is developed in which uncertainty over the true preferences of candidates makes strategic delegation impossible. The political
economy argument against centralisation of Besley and Coate (J Public Econ 87:2611–2637, 2003) does therefore not apply. Instead,
it is shown that the existence of rent extraction by delegates alone suffices to make cooperative centralisation more likely
through representative democracy under reasonable assumptions. In the case of non-cooperative centralisation, the more extensive
possibilities for institutional design under representative democracy increase the likelihood of centralisation. Direct democracy
may thus be interpreted as a federalism-preserving institution. 相似文献
57.
Jan Bonenkamp 《De Economist》2009,157(1):49-77
Summary This paper assesses how the Dutch system of occupational pensions redistributes between and within generations. The approach
in this paper deviates from the usual approach by incorporating the full life cycle in the measurements, rather than only
the annual effects. In order to quantify redistribution, we use the level of educational attainment, gender and age to classify
the pension fund population. For all groups distinguished, we measure in present value terms the average net benefit from
participating in occupational pensions. The results indicate a sizable redistribution from males to females and from low educated
to higher educated workers. On a lifetime basis, the impact of intergenerational transfers is modest.
I am grateful to the two anonymous referees, Ed Westerhout, Casper van Ewijk, Lex Meijdam, Yvonne Adema and Peter Kooiman
for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper, and to Andre Nibbelink for his valuable computational assistance. 相似文献
58.
Ein Fallbeispiel - Frau Schneider erkrankte im Alter von 73 Jahren an einer akuten
myeloischen Leuk?mie (AML). Die eingeleiteten Therapien griffen nicht. Schlie?lich stimmte
sie der Therapiebegrenzung zu. Vor welchen klinischen und normativen Herausforderungen
stand das Behandlungsteam? Welche L?sungsans?tze für das praktische Vorgehen k?nnen
aus diesem Fall geschlussfolgert werden? 相似文献
59.
Jan Niklas Meise 《Marketing Review St. Gallen》2010,27(3):4-7
Schweizer Konsumenten setzen sich sehr kritisch mit Lebensmitteln auseinander und sch?tzen Produkte, die über einen erkennbaren
und relevanten Mehrwert verfügen. Mit einer innovativen Produktpalette an hochwertigen Frischeprodukten ist es Emmi gelungen, im In- und Ausland zu einem führenden
Anbieter von Mehrwertprodukten aufzusteigen. Urs Riedener erkl?rt diesen Mehrwert und wieso Authentizit?t eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung für Glaubwürdigkeit ist. 相似文献
60.
Previous research on the influence of accompanying expatriate spouses has emphasized the negative impact on the business expatriates that could contribute to unsuccessful outcomes of the foreign assignments. But spouses’ influences could also be positive. Applying ethnographic field-work methodology, this study investigated female spouses’ involvement in the career of a sample of Danish business expatriates living in the same compound in Saudi Arabia. Results showed that the accompanying partners were active in trying to support and further their expatriate husbands’ immediate careers and repatriation opportunities by using social strategies, such as creating alliances and establishing social networks with influential others through social contacts and dinner parties. The female trailing partners also tried as a group to influence company decisions regarding working schedules, pay, and holidays. These findings are consistent with recent theoretical developments focusing on positive outcomes of the work–family interface and social capital theory and are in line with empirical research on repatriation and post-assignment careers. 相似文献