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991.
Alok K. Chakrabarti Stephen Feinman William Fuentevilla 《Industrial Marketing Management》1978,7(4):231-237
This paper presents and discusses the data obtained from a study of 500 industrial innovations introduced in major industrialized countries from 1953 to 1973. The trends in industrial innovation of both the country of origin and the country of market introduction are examined based on the data presented. 相似文献
992.
William Coleman 《Economic Affairs》2013,33(1):78-92
This article advances an interpretation of the core contribution of neoliberalism to the liberal tradition. At the hands of neoliberal thinkers, the classical liberalism of Locke, Smith and Mill underwent a reconstruction involving certain re‐conceptualisations of individual and political freedom, which served to shift the crux of the case for classical liberalism from market success propositions to government failure propositions. 相似文献
993.
994.
William R. Baber Jong-Dae Kim & Krishna R. Kumar 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》1999,26(9-10):1177-1198
We investigate whether earnings forecasts are improved by earlier earnings disclosures by firms in the same industry. We find improvements for time series forecasts, but not for analysts' forecasts. Considering prior earnings announcements reduces correlations between forecast errors and security price reactions to earnings announcements, even when incorporating these announcements improves forecast accuracy. Our explanation for this anomaly, which is supported by additional analysis, is that intra-industry information facilitates predicting transitory, rather than permanent, earnings components. The question of whether information transfers improve earnings forecasts provides the context for the analysis, but the primary contribution is the documentation of intra-industry information transfers in a setting other than capital markets. 相似文献
995.
Foreign aid critics, supporters, recipients, and donors have produced eloquent rhetoric on the need for better aid practices—has this translated into reality? This paper attempts to monitor the best and worst of aid practices among bilateral, multilateral, and UN agencies. We create aid practice measures based on aid transparency, specialization, selectivity, ineffective aid channels, and overhead costs. We rate donor agencies from best to worst on aid practices. We find that the UK does well among bilateral agencies, the US is below average, and Scandinavian donors do surprisingly poorly. The biggest difference is between the UN agencies, who mostly rank in the bottom half of donors, and everyone else. Average performance of all agencies on transparency, fragmentation, and selectivity is still very poor. The paper also assesses trends in best practices over time—we find modest improvement in transparency and more in moving away from ineffective channels. However, we find no evidence of improvements (and partial evidence of worsening) in specialization, fragmentation, and selectivity, despite escalating rhetoric to the contrary. 相似文献
996.
A formal model of theory choice in science 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. Since the work of Thomas Kuhn, the role of social factors in the scientific enterprise has been a major concern in the philosophy
and history of science. In particular, conformity effects among scientists have been used to question whether science naturally
progresses over time. Using neoclassical economic reasoning, this paper develops a formal model of scientific theory choice
which incorporates social factors. Our results demonstrate that the influence of social factors on scientific progress is
more complex than previously thought. The patterns of theory choice predicted by the model seem consistent with historical
episodes of theory change.
Received: April 8, 1997; revised version: April 30, 1998 相似文献
997.
998.
We examine the liquidity impact of Canadian open market repurchases and find that spreads are smaller and depths greater during repurchase programs (as compared to the prerepurchase period) and on repurchase days (as compared to nonrepurchase days). We examine the types of orders used by repurchasing companies and find that all repurchase orders are limit orders and more than 70% of these unambiguously add liquidity to the limit order book. The improved liquidity is consistent with U.S. research but different from results from other markets. We attribute the difference to an uptick restriction that limits the aggressiveness of North American repurchases. 相似文献
999.
William Harper 《Leisure Studies》2013,32(3):189-198
The general subject of this paper is the future of leisure. It is suggested that the existing forecasts over the last forty years regarding the future of leisure - either leisure's abundance or its scarcity - depend upon taking leisure and work either segmentally or even as polar opposites. It is argued that recovering a basic idea found in Samuel Smiles' book Self-Help (1859) could go a long way toward establishing an identity between real work and real leisure. Smiles is typically read as a mere lyric poet and as a writer in part responsible for projecting upon his people horrid centres of industrialism by way of promoting what is historically referred to as the Victorian work ethic. But Smiles can be read differently. In this paper it is argued that Smiles' interpretation of self-help is so inclusive as to be useful in understanding the nature and significance of the future of leisure if, that is, we take leisure to be work. 相似文献
1000.
Anecdotal and survey evidence suggest that managers take actions to avoid small negative earnings surprises because they fear
disproportionate, negative stock-price effects. However, empirical research has failed to document an asymmetric pricing effect.
We investigate investor relations costs as an alternative incentive for managers to avoid small negative earnings surprises.
Guided by CFO survey evidence from Graham et al. (J Account Econ 40:3–73, 2005), we operationalize investor relations costs
using conference call characteristics—call length, call tone, and earnings forecasting propensity around the conference call.
We find an asymmetric increase (decrease) in call length (forecasting propensity) for firms that miss analyst expectations
by 1 cent compared with changes in adjacent 1-cent intervals. We find no statistically significant evidence that call tone
is asymmetrically more negative for firms that miss expectations by a penny. While these results provide some statistical evidence to confirm managerial claims documented in Graham et al. (J Account Econ 40:3–73, 2005) regarding the asymmetrically
negative effects of missing expectations, our tests do not suggest severe economic effects. 相似文献