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排序方式: 共有75条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Holger Schmieding Peter Trapp James Riedel Wojciech Kostrzewa Kurt W. Rothschild Jamuna P. Agarwal Hartmut Picht Harmen Lehment Torsten Tewes Manfred Neldner Federico Foders Henning Klodt Bobby E. Apostolakis Siegfried F. Franke Axel Busch Hermann Sautter 《Review of World Economics》1989,125(2):406-434
32.
Marcin Wojciech Solarz 《Geopolitics》2014,19(3):719-739
The article presents an outline of the history of Polish political geography. Its development as a science in fact began in the nineteenth century and its golden age lasted all the way through to the fall of the Polish state in 1939. The loss of independence in the period 1939/1945–1989 also brought with it the fall of political geography in Poland. After 1989, along with the restoration of freedom of research in Poland, a new period started in the history of Polish political geography. 相似文献
33.
In Europe, economic activity is concentrated more and more in the major urban centres. At the same time, these cities are
in a competition with one another. Across Europe they are contending for investors and qualified workers and searching for
the most successful path to a dynamic economic future. Which cities in Europe have made the greatest economic progress in
the past? What are the factors that have made some cities more successful than others? And what action can cities take to
achieve greater economic growth in the future? 相似文献
34.
Current pricing and charging methods for the Internet are not based on actual usage of this service, which leads to unfairness
and more important, it does not deliver the right signals through financial incentives to network providers to upgrade critical
links of their networks. The development of new multimedia applications and the convergence to an integrated services network
will foster the tremendous growth of the Internet even more. With the Next Generation Internet not only technical services
like bandwidth reservation will be introduced, but also new applications will emerge within the Internet.
Charging the Internet in a fashion that provides feedback to users and providers has been proposed since the early '90s, however,
only a few implementations and real-world examples are known today. This is due to subsidizing the Internet in its early stages
and due to a technical development that did not care much about charging. With the recent redesign of the Internet protocol
suite and discussions on multiple service classes in the Internet, architectures for charging and accounting have to be revisited,
too.
Economic models for the Internet cannot be tested fully and validated in non-real-world environments, because of the unknown
user behavior. With this uncertainty over what models and pricing schemes to choose, it is evident that a specific charging
and accounting platform will never be accepted by the community. In this paper a novel and flexible architecture for charging
and accounting is proposed that provides a wide range of mechanisms and lets researchers experiment in an environment as close
as possible to the targeted system. As a first step, four different pricing schemes are described, qualitatively assessed
on the proposed platform, and a prototypical implementation performed. One of the economic models that have been implemented
on Arrow is based on different service classes including reservation and recalculates prices dynamically depending on the
traffic situation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
35.
It is shown that the joint unconditional density function of demand and supply is a computable function of parameters of the conditional density function of the observed quantity. Propositions of formulating unconditional and conditional disequilibrium measures are suggested. 相似文献
36.
Wojciech Grabowski 《Applied economics letters》2019,26(17):1444-1447
In this paper, the first attempt to quantify measurable effects of using legal advisory services is made with the use of a random sample and advanced econometric methods (robust MM-estimator). The estimates of parameters of an extended Mincer equation indicate that the appearance of legal problems results in lower earnings per person in a household and the choice of an active reaction to this legal problem results in a substantial reduction of losses. 相似文献
37.
Traditionally, EU policies have been focused on economic and social cohesion. Recently, the territorial dimension of regional
disparities as an aspect of EU policy has gained importance. The European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), adopted
in 1999, is meant to support a balanced development of the EU territory. Moreover, the European Commission addressed issues
of territorial cohesion in its latest cohesion report. The present paper deals with territorial disparities and their current
development in the EU. It analyses which kinds of region develop dynamically and offer favourable labour market conditions.
The differences between rural and urban areas are a fundamental feature of territorial disparities in the EU and are of essential
significance for the ESDP. The analysis deals with the question whether disparities between poor and rich regions as well
as different growth trends and labour market conditions are still marked by the dualism between city and countryside.
The authors would like to thank Elena Tcharykova for her excellent research assistance. 相似文献
38.
39.
Wojciech W. Charemza 《Economics of Planning》1992,25(1):21-35
The paper investigates causes of the stagflation phenomena which appeared in Poland in the period after the shortageflation, i.e. after February 1990. It is conjectured that one of the primary reasons for the appearance of the stagflation was substantial market uncertainty, which led to a market failure. The theoretical analysis is based on the Newbery-Stiglitz model of futures trading. This reveals that, in the presence of huge price variations a market is likely to fail if a substantial backwardation accompanies negative correlation between prices and quantities. The empirical evidence consists of testing market efficiency (weak and semi-strong forms) and the rational expectations hypothesis for the Polish consumption market and inflation in the period of shortageflation. It is found that the market survives the tests for weak efficiency but fails the test for semi-strong efficiency and rational expectations. 相似文献
40.
Wojciech GrabowskiAleksander Welfe 《Economic Modelling》2011,28(3):782-784
A necessary and sufficient condition for global stability of dynamic models is summability to one of the long-run elasticities and cointegration. The short-run coefficients automatically satisfy the homogeneity condition. A relevant restriction has to be imposed in the parameter estimation process; otherwise, the ratios of variables appearing in the model will tend to either infinity or zero, which is economic nonsense in most cases. This conclusion is particularly important for the ECM or VEC (SVEC) models that decompose behavior into long and short-run parts. 相似文献