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941.
942.
Australia has experienced a growing rate of child disability, with the rate of 3.7 per cent in 1998 increasing to 4.3 per cent in 2003 for children aged under four years and from 9.5 per cent to 10 per cent for children aged five to 14 years in the same period. However, surprisingly no study has examined the economic effects of child disability in the Australian context. This paper attempts to quantify the link between a child's disability and the work behaviour of the female in the affected family. Our findings provide empirical justifications for the current policy linking the severity level of child disability to the assessment of eligibility for Carer Payment (Child). We also found that child disability has different impacts on the labour market activities of married women and non‐married women. It appears that child disability imposes a greater hardship on non‐married women than on married women in terms of work choice decision. Once non‐married women manage to enter the labour force, they may have to stay on to work as usual even if they have a disabled child, because they may not have other family members to turn to for help as married women do. 相似文献
943.
We provide estimates of the effects of completing a Vocational Education and Training (VET) qualification on individual labour market outcomes, particularly on the probability of employment and on earnings. Estimates are provided for 1997, 2001 and 2005. The estimation methodology is based on matched comparisons of persons at each level of VET qualification among Year 12 completers and non‐completers. We find that among Year 12 completers, there is little benefit from obtaining certificate level qualifications, but there are positive employment and earnings outcomes associated with obtaining diploma level qualifications. Among persons who did not complete Year 12, however, there are benefits from obtaining any kind of VET qualification, including the lower level Certificate I and II qualifications. 相似文献
944.
Abstract This paper studies the entry and tax regulation of oligopolistically competitive privately run casinos and government‐run casinos in a jurisdiction. We highlight three important external effects from casino‐style gambling: non‐casino income creation, social disorder costs, and cross‐border gambling. The laissez‐faire equilibrium need not be overcrowding compared with regulated or government‐run regimes. Entry regulation may lead to higher jurisdiction welfare than tax regulation. Government‐run casinos always operate on a larger scale and achieve higher welfare than other regimes, given the same number of casinos. With an endogenous fraction of external gamblers, a dispersed casino configuration yields higher welfare than a centralized one. 相似文献
945.
Dong‐Hyeon Kim Ho‐Chuan Huang Shu‐Chin Lin Chih‐Chuan Yeh 《Scottish journal of political economy》2010,57(4):493-514
This paper investigates whether the impacts of financial development on growth convergence vary with the stage of real development. We implement this analysis through the instrumental variable threshold regression approach proposed by Caner and Hansen. Our empirical evidence shows that financial intermediary development leads to long‐run convergence in growth of both economic activity and productivity. Moreover, such convergence‐enhancing effects of financial intermediation are stronger for less‐developed countries than for the more industrialized. In addition, the data reveal that stock market development assists growth convergence only in low‐income countries. 相似文献
946.
In standard political economy models, voters are “self‐interested” that is, care only about “own” utility. However, the emerging evidence indicates that voters often have “other‐regarding preferences” (ORP), that is, in deciding among alternative policies voters care about their payoffs relative to others. We extend a widely used general equilibrium framework in political economy to allow for voters with ORP, as in Fehr and Schmidt (1999) . In line with the evidence, these preferences allow voters to exhibit “envy” and “altruism,” in addition to the standard concern for “own utility.” We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a Condorcet winner when voters have ORP. This could open the way for an incorporation of ORP in a variety of political economy models. Furthermore, as a corollary, we give more general conditions for the existence of a Condorcet winner when voters have purely selfish preferences. 相似文献
947.
PHILIPPE MICHEL LEOPOLD VON THADDEN JEAN‐PIERRE VIDAL 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2010,12(5):923-941
Unstable government debt dynamics can typically be stabilized around a certain target level of debt by adjustments in various fiscal instruments, like government spending, transfers, or taxes. This paper investigates properties of debt stabilizing rules which link the needed budgetary adjustments to the state of the economy. The paper establishes that the magnitude of the target level of long‐run debt is a key determinant of whether it is possible to find a rule of this type that can be implemented under all available fiscal instruments. Specifically, considering linear feedback rules, the paper demonstrates that there may well exist a critical target level of debt beyond which this is no longer possible. From an applied perspective, this finding is of particular relevance in the context of a monetary union with decentralized fiscal policies. Depending on the target level of debt, there might be a conflict between a common fiscal framework that tracks deficit developments as a function of the state of the economy and the unrestricted choice of fiscal policy instruments at the national level. 相似文献
948.
A majority of the countries in the world are still considered “developing,” with a per capita income of less than U$1,000.
Hahn (2008, Journal of Business Ethics
78, 711–721) recently proposed an ambitious business ethics research agenda for integrating the “bottom-of-the-pyramid” countries
(Prahalad and Hart, 2002, Strategy and Competition
20, 2–14) through sustainable development and corporate citizenship. Hahn’s work is among the growing field of research in comparative
business ethics including the global business ethics index (Michalos, 2008, Journal of Business Ethics
79(1), 9–19; Scholtens and Dam, 2008, Journal of Business Ethics
75(3), 273–284; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2008, Journal of Business Ethics
75(3), 229–238). This article is complementary to Hahn’s work and it advocates an urgent need for business ethics researchers
to globally integrate the bottom-of-the-pyramid countries through a fundamental re-definition of the global economic triad,
including the United States, Western Europe, and Japan [Ohmae, 1985, Triad Power: The Coming Shape of Global Competition (New York: Free Press)]. The definition that we propose is based on business systems and institutional perspectives that
include the bottom-of-the-pyramid countries. We also propose to broaden the research in business ethics to enable comparisons
across business systems indifferent income levels. 相似文献
949.
Vicente Salas‐Fumás 《International Journal of the Economics of Business》2010,17(3):349-372
We model contracting for joint production between workers and shareholders when investment in knowledge is non‐verifiable and the resulting specific human capital embedded in the workers is non‐tradable. The model explains how the effective cost of human capital services will vary depending on whether the investment in knowledge is financed by the workers or by the shareholders. We apply the results of the modeling to identify which firms are expected to gain and which to lose from posted trends in higher employability and lower empowerment of workers in modern market economies. Finally, we present conditions on the self‐interest of current shareholders to empower workers as a way to stimulate their investment in firm‐specific human capital. 相似文献
950.
Junwook Chi Won W. Koo 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2009,45(5):710-724
This paper examines the pricing behaviors of United States air carriers in domestic markets. With quarterly observations in 2000 and 2005, we use a heteroskedasticity-adjusted Instrumental Variable technique to investigate the carriers’ pricing strategies. The results show differential pricing strategies practiced by United States air carriers. American, United, Continental, and Northwest Airlines have higher airfares than Delta and Southwest Airlines in 2005. In 2000, all the carriers, except Delta have the same relationships with airfares. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the carriers’ pricing strategies can vary under the same market condition, indicating that carriers’ managerial decisions may influence their airfares. 相似文献