会计制度 公共领域与会计职业道德

本文通过分析针对会计事项的会计制度配置格局,探讨了会计制度存在的公共领域,并试图从会计制度公共领域嵌入会计职业道德机制,厘清约束会计行为的会计制度机制和会计职业道德机制的功能耦合关系。进一步,基于主、客观职业道德理论,阐述了会计职业道德体系的构建思路。     

应重视进料加工企业通过囤积进口原材料避税问题

问题的提出 现行对进料加工企业实行的“免抵退”税管理,大部分采用“购进法”计算,即无论有无出口,企业当期进口的免税原材料均全额纳入“免抵退”计算过程。那么,企业是如何避税的呢?为了便于说明,笔者举例予以说明 。 例 1 :境内某企业与境外母公司进行进料加工对口贸易。假     

LONWORKS现场总线质量控制技术在油田生产中的应用

现场总线是一种安装在生产过程区域的现场设备或过程仪表和控制室内的自动化控制系统之间的开放式、数字化、双向串行、多节点的数据通信总线。该技术是近年来随着计算机、通信、控制技术的进步，数字通信网络应用到工业过程现场控制后，逐渐发展．并得到广泛应用的现代控制技术，目前，比较有名的有FF、Profibus、LONWORKS、HART、CAN等总线。     

从澳大利亚的会计行业管理看我国会计社会团体的发展

澳大利亚会计社会团体概况澳大利亚有三个会计社会团体,分别是:注册会计师协会(CPA-Australia,)拥有10.3万名会员;特许会计师协会(ICAA),拥有3.5万名会员;全国会计师协会C,拥有1.5万名会员。它们分别有自己的章程,实行公司化管理,都具有悠久的历史。这三个协会除人数不同外相差不多,在此,笔者主要介绍注册会计师协会的有关情况。澳大利亚注册会计师协会始建于1886年,前身是公司会计师协会。当时正处于第一次工业革命时期,机器大工业代替了工场手工业,对会计核算的要求提高了,迫切需要大批会计专业人才,会计社会团体应运而生,公司会计师…     

Financial statements based bank risk aggregation

One of the major challenges involved in risk aggregation is the lack of risk data. Recently, researchers have found that mapping financial statements into risk types is a satisfactory way to resolve the problem of data shortage and inconsistency. Nevertheless, ignoring off-balance sheet (OBS) items has so far been regarded as the usual practice in risk aggregation, which may lead to deviations in conclusions. Hence, we improve the financial statements based risk aggregation framework by mapping OBS items into risk types. Based on 487 quarterly financial statements from all 16 listed Chinese commercial banks over the period 2007–2014, we empirically study whether the overall impact of OBS activities and the individual impact of each of the OBS risk types on total risk depend on bank size. Moreover, this research divides the sample into two subsets, during and after the subprime crisis, to find out how the subprime crisis affects risks of Chinese banks. Our empirical results show that although OBS credit risk is positively linked to total risk while OBS operational risk is negatively linked to total risk for both large and small banks, the overall impact of OBS activities on total risk depends on bank size. The overall OBS activities are positively related to the large bank’s total risk while they are negatively related to the small bank’s total risk. Besides, we also found that it is the increase of liquidity risk and market risk that leads to the larger total risk of Chinese banks during the subprime crisis.     

联合风险投资网络能提升企业投资效率吗——基于创业板数据的PSM回归分析

随着创业投资领域风险投资人的广泛引入,联合风险投资对企业投资效率的影响受到关注.利用2011-2015年5年间中国创业板相关联合风险投资和企业投资效率数据,基于资源基础观理论,利用PSM估计,实证分析了联合风险投资对企业投资过度和投资不足的不同影响作用,进而分析了行业层面和风险投资人层面不同调节变量的调节作用,并据此提出了相关的政策和企业战略建议     

Insights from Accounting Practitioners on China's Convergence with IFRS

This study provides insights from accounting practitioners on China's convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Through a survey of 33 senior financial executives of Chinese listed companies in 2014, the study reports their perceptions on the following issues: first, the degree of convergence between IFRS and Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS); second, the choice between fair value and historical cost accounting, and the usefulness of fair value accounting for Chinese companies’ financial reporting; third, challenges in the process of China's harmonisation with IFRS; and finally, essential capabilities of Chinese accounting professionals in the process of China's harmonisation with IFRS. Multivariate regression was used for further analysis. The survey findings reveal that in general CAS have converged with IFRS, with a few exceptions that reflect the unique Chinese context. Historical cost accounting is the preferred measurement base to fair value accounting. Exercising professional judgement was identified as a challenge for China's full convergence with IFRS. Ownership structure and the expertise of accounting practitioners were found to affect respondents’ judgements on China's convergence with IFRS. This study has policy implications for international accounting standard setters and accounting educators to consider the contextual issues of implementing IFRS in an emerging economy.     

Risk measurement distortion: an improved model of return smoothing

We examine the effects of smoothed hedge fund returns on standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of return and on correlation of returns using a MA(2)-GARCH(1,1)-skewed-t representation instead of the traditional MA(2) model employed in the literature. We present evidence that our proposed representation is more consistent with the behavior of hedge fund returns than the traditional MA(2) representation and that the traditional method tends to overstate the degree of smoothing observed in hedge fund returns. We examine methods for correcting the distortive effects of smoothing using our representation.     

Risk Awareness of Interpersonal Trust and Entrepreneurship in China: Evidence from Survey Data

This paper aims to build a theoretical framework for the influence of risk awareness of interpersonal trust (RAIT) on entrepreneurship, and explores the influence of RAIT on entrepreneurship with the micro survey data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2010–2013. The study found that, individuals with higher level of RAIT, their probability of starting new business will increase significantly, and with every increase of RAIT level, the probability of business venturing increase almost 4.0%. No mediation effects of information screening and cooperative mechanism are found in the relationship between RAIT and entrepreneurship. Moreover, during the venturing process, risks accompanying interpersonal trust cannot be reduced by social input; the reduction occurs only in eastern China where the economic system and the industrial development standards are more comprehensive and mature. This paper contributes to the literatures in the following two areas: it provides new evidence on how to deal with risks in the entrepreneurship process that accompanying interpersonal trust; meanwhile, it provides an explanatory mechanism on how the risk awareness affects business venturing.     

中国经济波动的产出和通胀效应 ——基于供求冲击相关的SVAR模型分析

本文结合产出缺口-通胀形式的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）,构建了产出缺口和通 胀率的SVAR模型,并将识别结果同B-Q约束条件下的识别结果进行比较,以此来探究我国近 三十多年来宏观经济系统中需求冲击和供给冲击对产出和通胀动态的效应。主要得出以下结 论：第一,供求冲击之间高度相关;第二,需求冲击是我国通胀波动的决定性因素,并且存在 持久稳定的效应。第三,供给冲击是我国经济增长的绝对主导力量。第四,我国存在相对陡峭 的菲利普斯曲线（AS曲线）。第五,产出缺口与同比CPI对我国经济状况的拟合效果最好。