Internet Access and Farm Household Income – Empirical Evidence using a Semi‐parametric Assessment in Taiwan

There is considerable literature examining individuals’ behaviour with respect to Internet use, but less attention is paid to farm household use of the Internet. Among the few studies on farm households, the emphasis is on the correlation between socioeconomic factors and the adoption of the Internet. Thus, relatively little is known about the association between Internet use and farm household well‐being. In an effort to fill this void, this paper investigates Internet access among farm households and examines the effects of Internet access on farm household income. Given the observed income gap between Internet users and non‐users, we then investigate the extent to which socioeconomic factors may be associated with this income gap. Using a nationwide survey of farm households in Taiwan, a novel econometric model is proposed and estimated employing a semi‐parametric technique. Our results support the conclusion that Internet use improves farm household income. Most of the income gap between adopters and non‐adopters can be explained by the differences in the return of the socioeconomic factors.     

规模养殖户健康养殖行为研究——以上海市为例

本文在对上海市农村规模养殖户实地调研的基础上,从健康养殖方式所要求的经济效益和环境效益的不同视角分析了上海市健康养殖业的发展现状,并建立二元Logit模型计量分析影响养殖户进行健康养殖的各个因素及其影响程度。研究结果表明,养殖规模的扩大、产品的差别化引起的价格分级制度、各种农业经济组织和养殖户的风险态度对推进农户健康养殖的影响显著。文章并提出了发展健康养殖的相关政策建议。     

北京市大兴区耕地资源稳定性评价

研究目的:本文以耕地转变为建设用地的可能性为基础,研究耕地的稳定性,为耕地保护提供新的依据。研究方法:本文以大兴区2006年现状耕地为研究对象,从地块尺度综合考虑耕地资源的自然因素、区位因素和社会经济因素建立评价指标体系,对研究区进行耕地稳定性评价,并对耕地的稳定性进行分级,在此基础上对耕地分区、分级保护。研究结果：（1）从地块尺度出发,从耕地转变为建设用地的可能性入手,把大兴区耕地的稳定性划分为4个级别。（2）大兴区耕地不稳定与较不稳定地块之和为1861个,占总数的36.33%;较稳定的斑块数为1703个,占总数的33.25%;稳定斑块数量为1558个,占总斑块的30.42%。（3）大兴区耕地稳定性空间分布特征为不稳定的耕地地块主要分布在大兴区北部发达地区;较不稳定的耕地地块,沿各主要道路呈明显的带状分布。（4）基于耕地资源稳定性评价,将大兴区耕地分级保护,宏观微观相结合,统筹考虑保护区和地块特点,有利于切实做好耕地保护。     

生态住宿体验和个人涉入度对游客环保行为意向的影响研究

本文从游客对旅游住宿产品体验和感知的视角,研究生态住宿体验和个人涉入度对游客环保行为意向的影响。结果表明:(1)游客的生态住宿体验和个人涉入度对游客的环保行为意向具有显著的正向影响;(2)个人涉入度包括"感知重要性与娱乐价值"、"符号价值"、"风险可能性"和"风险重要性"4个维度;其中"感知重要性与娱乐价值"及"符号价值"对游客的环保行为意向表现出显著的正向影响,而"风险可能性"和"风险重要性"对环保行为意向的影响不显著;(3)生态意识的调节效应显著。该结论对于丰富国内外相关研究具有一定的理论价值,为旅游住宿企业开发产品的价值诉求提供决策参考。     

高速公路差异化收费引导假日旅游供需平衡研究

2012年8月,国务院下发通知,首次在全国范围内重大节假日免收小型汽车高速公路通行费。免费新政下,国庆期间游客都扎堆涌向了全国各名胜古迹,高速公路拥堵不堪,超饱和的景点和拥堵的道路大大降低了游客出游幸福感。缺乏必要的流量控制措施导致国内景点冰火两重天,给旅游业的持续健康发展打上了问号。文章基于经济学中"价格歧视"策略与社会福利最大化理论,探索性提出高速公路重大节假日差异化收费用于合理引导居民出游,增进社会福利。通过对经济学理论图示法分析和建立高速公路差异化收费影响游客出行选择的数学模型,从定性和定量角度客观分析得到利用差异化收费机制和游客自我选择机制的相互作用,可将热门景点的过量游客分流到冷门景点,平衡景点之间的供给与需求,保障旅游业可持续健康发展,也能确保社会福利不致流失。     

循环经济下企业商业生态的创新研究

加快发展循环经济是解决经济增长与资源环境之间矛盾的根本手段。企业是经济运行的微观主体之一,既是大部分物质产品的直接提供者,又是绝大多数污染物的直接生产者,因此循环经济要求企业在遵循自然规律的基础上,在经济生产活动中重新审视自身的商业模式,以新的技术知识、新的管理理念尽可能地达到资源循环利用的目的,从而实现环境保护与经济进步“双赢”的可持续发展。     

Difference in rural and urban driver-injury severities in highway–rail grade crossing accidents

Based on the Federal Railway Administration (FRA) database, there were 25,945 highway–rail crossing accidents in the United States between 2002 and 2011. With an extensive research, analysis results showed that there were substantial differences between rural and urban areas at highway–rail grade crossings. However, there is no published study specific on driver's injury severity at highway–rail grade crossings classified by area types. Using an ordered probit modelling approach, the study explores the determinants of driver-injury severity at rural highway–rail grade crossings compared with urban highway–rail grade crossings. The analysis found that motor vehicle driver's injury level at rural highway–rail grade crossing is extremely higher than urban area. Compared to collisions at urban area, collisions happened at rural area tend to result in more severe injuries. These crashes were more prevalent if vehicle drivers are driving at a high speed or the oncoming trains are high-speed. Moreover, highway–rail grade crossing accidents were more likely to occur at rural area without pavement and lighting.     

食品添加剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的检测与分析

苯甲酸和山梨酸是常见的食品防腐剂,人体内大量摄入苯甲酸和山梨酸,会导致中毒、大脑萎缩、新陈代谢失调,本文探讨食品添加剂中苯甲酸和山梨酸的检测方法,为有关工作提供参考。     

馈源整体制冷技术在深空测控系统中的应用

深空探测器通信距离遥远,其返回信号微弱,因此要求接收天线具备尽量高的品质因数（G/T）。下行链路设备工作在低温环境中,有利于降低噪声温度,提高系统G/T值。针对35 m深空测控天线,首先分析了Ka频段天线增益、外部和内部噪声;在此基础上提出了Ka频段馈源整体制冷方案,并对馈源不制冷和馈源整体制冷两种方案进行了比对分析;最后总结了超低温馈源设计和制造关键技术。馈源整体制冷系统噪声温度测试结果小于45 K。分析表明采用馈源整体制冷方案能够提升系统G/T值1.03 dB,35 m深空测控天线Ka频段接收能力提高约21%。     

从公司治理看财务管理目标选择

现在很多企业和大学教材中,把财务管理目标“股东财富最大化”和“企业价值最大化”混淆。本文从公司治理的角度分析两者的不同点,并阐述公司治理和财务管理目标之间的关系。