论环境与经济的协调发展

经济增长一直被用来衡量一国经济是否发展,但是随着经济的不断发展,生态环境日益恶化,论述了经济发展和环境之间的关系,提出了在环境和经济协调发展中首要问题是加强环境管理。     

青霉素亚砜的制备

综述了以青霉素为原料,制备青霉素亚砚的2种重要方法。一种方法是先把青霉素制成青霉素羧酸酯,再氧化成青霉素亚现羧酸酯。另一种方法是直接把青霉素氧化成青霉素亚砜。     

从我国国民经济“软着陆”看金融宏观调控的作用

国民经济的高速发展往往伴随着高通货膨胀,既保持经济的适度增长,又维持较低的通货膨胀,这是许多国家都想达到而又难以达到的理想境界。本文从我国近几年的经济发展情况出发,论述了金融宏观调控政策的内容、目标及手段,介绍了我国进行宏观调控的措施和方法,说明了金融宏观调控政策在国民经济"软着陆"中的作用。     

Unfolding China’s state-owned corporate empires and mitigating agency hazards: Effects of foreign investments and innovativeness

Integrating agency and institutional perspectives, we describe how China’s socio-political institutions create state-owned corporate empires with unique agency conflicts. We develop a framework demonstrating how economically unjustified firm expansion, i.e. empire building, mediates the relationship between state ownership and performance. We uncover the instrument in empire building and appropriate corporate governance and strategic management remedies. An empirical study on 29,638 Chinese firms evidences that (1) increased state ownership drives higher management expenses and lower firm profitability though empire building; (2) long-term debt is used to finance empire building; and (3) foreign capital investments and innovativeness can mitigate these agency conflicts.     

基于卷积神经网络自编码器结构的空时分组传输方案

为提高现有端到端通信系统的泛化能力和可靠性,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的空时分组码（Space-Time Block Coding,STBC）多输入多输出通信系统物理层方案。该方案将通信系统物理层表述、调制和解调过程联合起来形成端到端自编码器系统,引入多层一维卷积层,分别构建发射机和接收机,并扩展为多天线模式。为进一步提高系统可靠性,合理规划网络结构和参数,联合信号的调制和编码方案,优化了系统模型。仿真实验表明,针对瑞利相关衰落下多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）信道应用场景,训练模型可以实现传统STBC系统的误码性能,两发两收系统在发送端相关系数为0和0.9时分别优于传统系统0.5 dB和1 dB。此外,经过优化后的系统可获得采用卷积编码的性能改善效果,其两发两收不同工作方式优于传统1/2码率卷积编码STBC系统1~3 dB。     

Making the next move: When does the newness of experience matter in overseas sequential entries of multinational companies?

Traditional internationalization models suggest multinational companies (MNCs) can exploit their accumulative experience to facilitate their sequential entries. However, experience may depreciate over time. Thus, obtaining benefits from prior experience for MNCs is based on two critical premises, i.e., interpreting and applying experience correctly. We argue that there is a need to study the newness dimension of experiential learning. In doing so, we aim to explore to what extent the newness of experience matters in overseas sequential entries for MNCs. Moreover, we expect that the benefits from recent experience in guiding sequential entries are contingent on the extent of context similarity between the most recent entry location and sequential entry location and the outcome expectancy of focal entry. With a sample of 112 Chinese listed firms and 410 observations during the period of 2000–2012, we find that else being equal, the newness of experience of MNCs is positively associated with sequential entry and such a relationship is positively moderated both by context similarity in institutional environment and the outcome expectancy of the focal entry. We also compare the effects of the newness of different types of experience and find that the newness of the most recent experience has a larger influence on sequential entry than location-specific experience and general experience.     

法国养老金制度的重大转向——大众退休储蓄计划

法国的养老金体系是建立在代际补偿的现收国的养老金体系正逐步转成一个包含资本化运作与竞争机制的现收付制和私人基金制的混合现付方式之上的。当前越发严重的危机和多次收效甚微的改革,迫使政府另辟蹊径。"大众退休储蓄计划"不仅在不同利益集团之间造就了一个全异的模糊一致,而且具备深厚的大众意愿基础。法国的经验,对于面临同样结构性问题的中国颇具启发。     

安徽省农业生态系统经济损失估算与分析

安徽省农业生态系统面临着人口、自然灾害、生态破坏和环境污染的压力。本文构建了农业生态系统经济损失的指标体系和评估模型，估算出安徽省2002年农业生态系统经济总损失达22.05亿元，相当于当年农业总产值的1．67％，这一比例低于北京市和江苏省的比例。安徽省农业生态破坏损失值在空间分布上表现为丘陵区最为严重。     

农地确权对农户土地转出的影响机理研究交易成本和禀赋效应的双重中介作用

[目的]在土地流转发展缓慢而农地确权工作已经完成之际,基于农地确权对土地转出的影响研究中产权经济学和行为经济学两派观点的分歧,同时引入交易成本和禀赋效应两个中介变量,深入研究农地确权对农户土地转出的影响机理,将有助于推进农地确权成果应用以及农地流转制度的完善。[方法]文章使用CHARLS2018数据,利用倾向得分匹配模型和一元并行多重中介模型实证分析农地确权对农户土地转出的影响机理。[结果]（1）确权促进了土地转出,使土地转出的概率提高了6.60%;(2)确权非但没有降低反而提高了交易成本,进而抑制了土地转出;（3）确权有利于增强禀赋效应,但禀赋效应反而促进了土地转出;（4）中介效应上交易成本和禀赋效应为部分中介作用,交易成本中介效应比例为-10.46%,禀赋效应中介效应比例为13.35%,从而禀赋效应的中介作用更强并能强化确权对土地转出的促进作用。[结论]农地确权工作有其正面的成效,但还需完善政策并建立配套制度以克服负面效应,建立土地流转中介服务组织和交易平台,宣传普及农地确权和相关“三农”政策,提高农户认知,同时还需防范禀赋效应过强和流转租金过高可能带来的不利影响。     

事业单位对外投资管理与核算问题探讨

事业单位对外投资的经济环境和人们对对外投资的认识,较事业单位规则、制度制定时发生了很大变化,在事业单位财务规则变更与事业单位会计改革进行之际,有必要对事业单位对外投资的现行规定进行评述并寻求改革的有效措施.