Land use and management in PR China: problems and strategies

The conflict between population and land in China results from high population density, declining availability of arable land, decrease in cropland, overgrazing, inability to afford imported grain, and expansion of land use for urbanization. Unwise decisions have been made. These decisions have resulted in land degradation, soil erosion, deforestation, degradation of grasslands, waste of land for freight storage or waste disposal due to low grain prices, and nonagricultural constructions on croplands. Ineffective land management problems are identified as: 1) the lack of an economic means of guiding land use and land is not valued; the lack of any mechanism to ensure economic land use including public lands which are not accounted for with rent; 2) the lack of integration of departments into the decision making structure and too many departments making decisions about the same land; 3) the lack of choice in land use which results in higher government departments being unaware of local conditions, and the lack of appropriate investment which results in short-term exploitation; and 4) surveys are inadequate for decision making. The strategies suggested for improvement in land use management include low resources expenditure in production and appropriate goods consumption. The goal is to sustain subsistence with gradual improvement through development. Land resources must be conserved and the environment protected. The solutions to depend on food imports or reduce the nutritional level deny the equally plausible solution to generate a higher level of input. The profit motive and scientific agricultural practices could accomplish this end. Reclamation for cropland is possible for 8 million hectares of wasteland in wide areas in Sanjiang Plain and 3.4 million hectares in small pockets in Eastern Monsoon China. Traditional agriculture must be transformed and an optimum scale of land operation established. Land tenure reform is necessary. Regional conditions must prevail as the guiding principles. Several implementation strategies are suggested: controlling population growth and establishing a balance between expenditure and land productivity, expanding and conserving forest areas, increasing agricultural investment, reforming land tenure, adjusting land product prices, strengthening land administration, developing other industries, and reforming economic and political systems.     

何谓质量?--世界八位著名质量专家给质量定义

菲利浦·B·克劳士比的质量定义:第一个错误的假设是质量意味着美好或奢华或光亮或重量。“质量”一词用来标志事物的相对价值,采用“好质量”、“坏质量”和时尚用语“生活质量”等形容。“生活质量”是陈腐的套语,因为每个听者都认为说者的话就指他(或她)理解的意思。我们如果要想要管理质量,就必须将它定义为“符合需要”,其原因就在于此。 在商业买践中,情况同样如此。要求必须一清二楚,以免让人误解。然后持续不断地进行测量以确定是否符合这些要求。检查出的不符合即是缺乏质量。质量问题变成不符合问题,因而质量变成可定义的事物。     

关于完善我国高校融资方式的研究

近年来,我国的高等教育的发展十分的迅速,各个高校为了扩大招生规模不断的进行校舍的建设,但是由于各个高校的筹资渠道单一导致各个高校的经费严重不足,各高校如何开拓新的融资渠道满足高校的扩建和发展是摆在我们大家面前的一个重要的课题。本文主要针对目前关于高校融资方面的定性研究比较多而定量研究比较少的现状而展开了山东省内部分高校的融资情况进行的定量调查研究,总结出目前存在于高校中关于融资情况的问题。最后在理论分析和实例分析的基础上并结合我们国家当前的融资政策,从市场经济发展的角度提出了完善和拓展我国高等院校融资渠道多元化发展的几点建议。     

博弈会计与经济效益的关系

在经济活动中发生一定的支出会带来一定的收益，将支出与其所带来的收益相比较的结果就称为经济效益，凡是经济活动客观上都存在着无经济效益及经济效益大小的问题．会计是以提高经济效益为目的的．因此讲求经济效益就离不开会计。     

爱尔兰海洋经济和资源

什么是爱尔兰？ 这或许是个奇怪的问题。目前还很少有人认为爱尔兰是一个海洋国家。如果有人认为爱尔兰由9万平方公里的陆域面积和90万平方公里的海域面积组成，就更加稀奇了。     

如何加强工程建设造价管理及控制

本文对建设工程如何管理与控制工程造价作了阐释.     

现浇混凝土楼板天棚开裂成因及其控制措施的分析

随着建筑业的发展，现浇钢筋混凝土楼板（盖）非常普遍，但在实际施工中又出现了一个质量通病问题一那就是裂缝问题，本文现就对现浇钢筋混凝土楼板（盖）的施工及导致开裂的原因预防及处理措施提供几点意见。     

Koizumi carried the day: Did the Japanese election results make people happy and unhappy?

This paper investigates whether the Japanese people were happy and unhappy with the general election conducted on September 11, 2005, in which the Prime Minister, Koizumi, won a landslide victory. We conducted a large survey just after the election to ask people how happy they were and which party they had supported. Although there are consistent tendencies that supporters of ruling parties were happier and supporters of opposition parties were unhappier, the effect was not significant. Considering the results of previous studies that showed that Americans demonstrated significant responses to the result of a presidential election, this study suggests that the Japanese people are indifferent to politics.     

The migration function and the Todaro paradox

"The purpose of this paper is to present a microeconomic foundation of the migration function and to discuss the impact of an increase in the job creation rate on migration and urban unemployment. Each rural worker must estimate his expected urban income on the basis of his own expected numbers of both newly created jobs and migrants during the coming period. Workers whose expected urban income is greater than the rural one decide to migrate, while those who estimate smaller urban income stay on." The geographical focus is on developing countries.