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81.
C. H. Schouten J. Tinbergen L. Traas F. J. Clavaux M. W. J. M. Broekmeijer J. C. P. A. Van Esch A. A. van Rhijn A. Heertje W. Albeda C. D. Jongman K. Vonk F. W. C. Blom W. Horn J. W. H. Geerlings J. F. Haccou A. W. Luijckx G. de Bruyn W. H. Somermeijer G. Goudswaard T. Kloek I. J. Brugmans Joh de Vries W. H. Vroom H. van Leeuwen T. J. Kastelein A. N. J. den Hollander 《De Economist》1964,112(3-4):220-278
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Summary Two behavioural models of economic growth are developed: a neo-classical and a neo-keynesian (Kaldorian) one.In the neo-classical model consumers aspire to a certain level of consumption. Savings and supply of labour (man-hours) are the means for reaching this level.In the neo-keynesian model firms and households have a certain aspiration level with respect to profits and consumption, respectively. To reach these levels firms decide to invest and households to supply man-hours.In both models growth is entirely dependent on the parameters of the behaviour equations. In this respect they differ from the traditional neo-classical and neo-keynesian (Kaldorian) models, in which growth is eventually determined by autonomous technical progress and growth of the labour force. 相似文献
84.
A. K. Solov’ev 《Studies on Russian Economic Development》2012,23(3):271-281
The problems associated with the reformation of the pension system have gained extreme urgency in the process of forming the long-term strategy for Russia??s socioeconomic development (until 2030), which is determined by the growth in its influence on the macroeconomic strategy. This paper gives an actuarial substantiation of the actual factors and conditions, on which the development of the pension system in the Russian Federation depends, and prospects for the stability of the pension budget based on insurance principles. 相似文献
85.
R. K. Ashton 《Accounting & Business Research》2013,43(70):99-106
This paper examines the impact that search costs and asymmetric information would have on financial statements if either of the two main systems of current value accounting were introduced. The significance of search costs is that, although the models which determine the optimal amount of search are becoming more general, they are based on very restrictive assumptions and are of limited practical application. In relation to the second issue, where asset markets are dominated by asymmetric information, the ‘signal’ conveyed by the accounts would be misleading. It is argued that, whilst these two issues can more easily be resolved where the provision of financial information is unregulated, they are likely to be important considerations in the political process which results in an accounting standard. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Insurance regulators operate in an environment in which resources are scarce and issues are most often complex and not salient to affected persons. Consequently, regulatory agencies, such as the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), need to use resources efficiently by making issues salient and not complex if regulatory goals are to be attained. To further its goal of full funding of defined benefit pension plans, the PBGC annually published a list of the Top Fifty Companies With the Largest Underfunded Pension Liability (LIST). This article investigates the issue of the economic effects of pension plan disclosure by measuring the share price response of the companies included on the LIST; then policy implications are drawn. The event study findings show that, on average, publication of the LIST did not have a negative effect on firm value. However, cross-sectional analysis provides some support for the contention that publication of the LIST had an economic cost on LISTed firms. The authors' results show that the value of large firms on the PBGC's list is less negatively affected at arrival (ARRIVAL) than smaller LISTed firms. Conversely, when firms leave the list (DEPARTURE), the value of large growth-oriented firms is more negatively affected than the value of other firms that reduce their unfunded pension liability. From a policy perspective, as hypothesized by Meier (1991), the PBGC used its scarce resources effectively by publishing the LIST. The issue of unfunded pension liability became less complex and more salient to interested parties. Consequently, consumer groups and political elites provided their support to further the regulatory agency's stated goal, which was the full funding of defined benefit pension plans. Furthermore, increased awareness of the underfunding problem contributed to the passage of the Retirement Protection Act of 1994. 相似文献
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JEFFREY K. MacKIE-MASON 《The Journal of Finance》1990,45(5):1471-1493
This paper provides clear evidence of substantial tax effects on the choice between issuing debt or equity; most studies fail to find significant effects. The relationship between tax shields and debt policy is clarified. Other papers miss the fact that most tax shields have a negligible effect on the marginal tax rate for most firms. New predictions are strongly supported by an empirical analysis; the method is to study incremental financing decisions using discrete choice analysis. Previous researchers examined debt/equity ratios, but tests based on incremental decisions should have greater power. 相似文献