Food safety knowledge,behavior and attitude of Libyan consumers

This research aims to study and analyze the relationship between consumer awareness and consumer protection issues relating to food safety; the researcher defined a set of variables associated to consumer awareness in this research to study the relationship between this awareness and between some of the economic and social characteristics of consumers such as the level of income for the head of household, level of education for the research samples and some other characteristics related to awareness of the consumers. To achieve this goal the researcher prepared a questionnaire for this purpose which been fulfilled from a random sample of Libyan students who are studying at Near East University in various specialist and stages of university study. To analysis these data the researcher has used non-parametric statistical analysis for the previous relationship, due to the nature of metadata where Chi square has been used to study the moral awareness of the relationship between the consumer and all of the level of income and level of education. These results showed the presence of statistically significant relationship between the level of consumer awareness and the level of income and the level of education, the results also showed that there were significant correlation between consumer awareness and all of the level of income and level of education. The study concluded that consumer protection policies should be directed to teach and educate consumers with a focus on lower-income segments of society and in the lower level of education.     

Intercompany mobbing: the effects of company growth

Exploring the concept of mobbing, we have conducted a study of small and middle sized enterprises (commonly referred to as SMSE). In this study we observed corporate policies of repression and intimidation while taking into consideration the aim of these policies and their possible consequences. The ultimate purpose of this work is to shed light onto forthcoming academic studies of the same topic. Our focus has been the effects of the various presses, forms of harassment and market entry prevention carried out by companies that dominate the market against those companies entering the market and those already competing in the market. To determine these effects on 150 companies that conduct business in Turkey, we created a survey consisting of 15 categories. The results have been depicted with charts and graphs. The conclusion of the investigation has found that many of the attitudes which comprise of mobbing acts can be seen in the mutual behavior of the companies that work in the Turkish labor market. Although there are a number of reasons for the prevalence of the mobbing culture in Turkish business, it’s our belief that the Turkish labor market codes of conduct and regulations influence the perpetuation of ruthless behaviors between different companies.     

Repeated moral hazard with persistence

Summary. This paper considers the optimal contract when the current (hidden) action of an agent has a persistent effect on the future outcome. The optimal contract in a two-effort choice, two-period setting is characterized analytically and numerically. In particular, we show that persistence tends to make compensation less responsive to the first-period outcome. At the extreme, there are cases where the agent is perfectly insured against the first-period outcome: the agent obtains the same utility regardless of the first-period outcome. The model is extended to three periods. We also present a computational method to characterize an N-period model with two-period persistence.Received: 9 December 2003, Revised: 13 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D82, J31, J65. Correspondence to: Ayegül ahinWe are grateful to an anonymous referee, Jack Barron, Mark Bils, Hugo Hopenhayn, Per Krusell, Lance Lochner, Steve Williamson, and seminar participants at Concordia University, Purdue University, the applied theory meetings at University of Rochester, the Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory 2003, the Rochester Wegmans Conference 2002, and the Society for Economic Dynamics Meetings 2003 for their comments and suggestions. We also wish to thank Vera Brencic, Nancy Marmon, and Roxanne Stanoprud for excellent research assistance.     

A mathematical approach to the boolean minimization problem

Any minimization problem involves a computer algorithm. Many such algorithms have been developed for the boolean minimizations, in diverse areas from computer science to social sciences (with the famous QCA algorithm). For a small number of entries (causal conditions in the QCA) any such algorithm will find a minimal solution, especially with the aid of the modern computers. However, for a large number of conditions a quick and complete solution is not easy to find using an algorithmic approach, due to the extremely large space of possible combinations to search in. In this article I will demonstrate a simple alternative solution, a mathematical method to obtain all possible minimized prime implicants. This method is not only easier to understand than other complex algorithms, but it proves to be a faster method to obtain an exact and complete boolean solution.     

Exploring the mediating role of innovation in the effect of the knowledge management process on performance

The aim of this study is to explore the mediating role of innovation components in the relationship between knowledge management processes and performance. The research questions were investigated through questionnaires with top-level managers of a firm operating in the Turkish telecommunication industry. The results of the study indicated that knowledge management processes affect all innovation components. In addition to the direct effects of the knowledge management process on firm performance, marketing, product and process innovation are mediators in the relationship between the knowledge management process and performance. Finally, this research sheds light on how firms can manage their knowledge to gain a competitive advantage based on innovation.     

OUTPUT–EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP ACROSS SECTORS: A LONG‐ VERSUS SHORT‐RUN PERSPECTIVE

This paper investigates the nature of the output–employment relationship by using the Turkish quarterly data for the period 1988–2008. Even if we fail to find a long‐run relationship between aggregate output and total employment, there are long‐run relationships for the aggregate output with non‐agricultural employment and sectoral employment levels for seven of nine sectors that we consider. However, a further investigation for the output and employment relationship within a short‐run perspective does not reveal statistically significant relationships for either total employment or non‐agriculture employment, or eight of the nine sectors that we consider. Although there are various long‐run relationships between output and employment, the short‐run links between demand and employment are weak. The various implications of this for the economy and the labour market are discussed. As a result, maintaining high levels of output in the long‐run creating demand is essential for employment generation.     

Are Homegrown Islamic Terrorists Different? Some UK Evidence

We compare the characteristics of 77 homegrown Islamic terrorists in the UK to a representative sample of 1363 UK Muslims. UK Muslims are more likely to participate in terrorist acts if they are better educated and young. Other predictors of UK Muslims being involved in terrorism are employment status, UK citizenship, and ethnic origin.     

Static or Dynamic Efficiency: Horizontal Merger Effects in the Wireless Telecommunications Industry

Review of Industrial Organization - This paper studies five mergers in the European wireless telecommunication industry and analyzes their impact on prices and capital expenditures of both merging...     

Threat to regulate and coordination failures: Experimental evidence

Coordination games can represent a wide range of issues in real estate. In this paper, we present the results of an experiment designed to investigate the impact of regulatory threats in a coordination game. The experiment consisted of two sessions. The first session included a simple coordination game. We found significant coordination failures among the players in this session. We then conducted a second session in which we introduced a new player who had the choice to either intervene and regulate the payoffs of the other players or not to intervene and let the other players' actions determine the outcome. Our objective was to test whether the introduction of such a regulatory authority would induce more cooperative play by the players and move the market to the Pareto superior outcome. We found this not to be the case. There was no statistically significant difference between the choices of subjects in the two sessions.     

Moving Beyond Culturalism and Formalism: Islam,Women, and Political Unrest in the Middle East

ABSTRACT

Scenes of political unrest throughout the Middle East are often coupled with media reports and public debates in the United States that have a recurring theme: the relationship between women and Islam. After discussing the culturalist accounts that portray women as being in grave danger from Islam and in need of Western protection and supervision, this contribution examines an emerging trend in political science developed under the influence of the formalism of neoclassical economics. The study argues that despite ostensibly universal assumptions about human behavior and alleged objectivity, the theoretical foundations of neoclassical economics and its methodological formalism fall short in providing an alternative to culturalism, and, instead, reinforce the misperceptions and misunderstandings about the region.