WTO效应:开放促改革、促发展(下)--中国入世四周年盘点

5产业开放新动向 作为建设中国特色社会主义的伟大实践之一，改革开放27年来，对外开放从无到有，从小到大，领域不断拓宽，地域不断扩大，方式不断多样，结构不断优化，水平不断提高。2004年9月，党的十届四中全会通过《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》明确提出“把握对外开放的主动权，全面提高对外开放水平”的新任务和新要求。入世四年来，中国一直忠诚地致力于实施对外开放的政策，     

大力发展非农产业,努力增加农民收入

近些年，农民收入成为社会各界关注的热门话题，其现状不容乐观，例如增长趋缓，低于国民经济增长速度，城乡差距逐渐拉大等等。统筹城乡发展、大力发展非农产业特别是第三产业，创造更多的就业岗位，吸纳农村劳动力向城市转移，提高农民收入，进而提高城市化率是今后我国“三农”工作的根本，也是我国经济发展的重点，应切实采取措施促进实现这一目标。     

公共品供给中的政府责任

在公共品供给中,政府责任是提供它需要并且能够提供的公共品。需要提供的公共品是指在现有的资源技术条件下,达到社会效用最大化所需提供的公共品。能够提供的公共品是指征到拉弗曲线隐含的最大税收量所能提供的公共品。需要并且能够提供的公共品是指需要提供的公共品与能够提供的公共品中量较小的一方。通过比较政府实际提供的公共品与需要并且能够提供的公共品,可以评价政府在这一领域称职与否。     

农产品供应链风险管理

文章在已有的供应链风险与农产品供应链研究成果的基础上,以我国农产品供应链的特点及现状为出发点,分析了我国农产品供应链中存在的风险,如技术风险、信息化风险、组织管理风险、自然灾害风险、质量安全风险,给出了评估与评价农产品供应链风险的方法,最后针对上述风险提出了相应的风险防范措施,对于发展我国农产品供应链有积极的参考意义。     

企业高中级管理者压力状况调查及对策建议

企业高中级管理者是现代企业竞争优势的重要源泉,其压力状况直接关系到企业的健康发展。该文通过对江苏省134名企业高中级管理者进行的压力状况调查,得出如下结论:江苏省企业高中级管理者属高应激群体,压力感因角色提高和区域竞争激烈而加大;个人认知与社会传统会加大其压力感;国企高中级管理者的压力状况更值得关注。因此,必须采取多种措施将企业高中级管理者的压力水平控制在合理的范围内。     

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis compared with adalimumab in Taiwan

Aims: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis investigated the cost-effectiveness of the second-line treatment with tofacitinib, compared with adalimumab, both plus methotrexate (MTX), in patients with moderate-to-severe RA and an inadequate response to the first-line MTX, from a Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration perspective.

Materials and methods: A patient-level simulation model was used to project lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Base-case analysis compared second-line treatment with tofacitinib 5?mg twice daily plus MTX vs adalimumab 40?mg every 2?weeks plus MTX. Patients switched or discontinued treatment due to a lack or loss of effectiveness or a serious adverse event. Efficacy was measured by change in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score. HAQ-DI scores were used to predict mortality and resource utilization, and were mapped onto utility values to estimate QALYs. Efficacy and safety data were derived from clinical trials and other secondary sources. Uncertainty in model parameters was explored using one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results: Patients gained 0.09 more QALYs with second-line tofacitinib plus MTX compared with adalimumab plus MTX (5.13 vs 5.04, respectively) at an additional cost of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) 12,881. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was NT$143,122/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case result was robust.

Limitations: The lack of available clinical data, particularly for HAQ-DI scores, may introduce some bias in the analysis. No patients were in an early stage of RA, which may limit the generalizability of these results. Base-case results from our study are not necessarily generalizable to countries with healthcare systems that differ considerably from Taiwan.

Conclusions: From a payer perspective, second-line treatment with tofacitinib plus MTX is a cost-effective treatment strategy, compared with adalimumab plus MTX, in patients with moderate-to-severe RA in Taiwan.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00853385.     

云南花卉产业发展中若干问题的探讨

A few problems exist in flower industry development in Yunnan province. The key problem is flower production with sell set in system unqualified, product quallty problem; wrong model in specification of quality in product, undeveloped and developed technology of quality standard system hasn‘t been used. To change present condition, combining local present condition, we can enhance the macroscopic management and put forward to peasant the policy suggestion to guide the development of Yunnan province flower industry.     

高校图书馆个性化信息服务系统结构模型的构建

文章在分析了高校图书馆个性化服务现状的基础上,针对高校图书馆个性化服务系统的现状和不足,提出了一个高校图书馆个性化信息服务的系统模型,并探讨了系统模型内部几个资源库的组织,总结了图书馆个性化信息服务的服务方式.     

经济温和调整阶段要防止滑坡

我国经济增长在2001年的拐点(7.5%)之后,经历了3年上升期,现正处于一个温和调整阶段(大约在7%-9.5%区间内)。在经济温和调整阶段要使经济增长的下降是“软着陆”而不是“硬着陆”, 就必须积极发挥政府宏观调控的作用,而不能任由市场调节自由滑落。为此,政府宏观调控应找好“着力点”。     

我国第三方物流企业的合理市场定位

第三方物流企业的发展需要合理的市场定位。发展中国的第三方物流，第三方物流企业必须合理而有序的进行自身的市场定位，从而有效的规避市场风险。接受中国目前的物流市场环境约束，第三方物流企业应该参照地域优势的指标，形成业内的逆时针供应链，提高自身的服务能力。