Erklärungsansätze für vertragswidriges Verhalten Versicherungsnehmern aus Sicht der ökonomischen Theorie

The two main purposes of this paper are an introduction to the economic analysis of insurance fraud and furthermore a derivation of factors that determine fraudulent behavior of policyholders on insurance markets. Consequently, we analyze the strategic decision problems of insurance companies and the policyholders and identify some factors that can help to reduce fraudulent behavior. In this context we evaluate two derived starting points for the combat against insurance fraud: fraud detection systems and a consequent charge policy of detected defrauders. We illustrate that both points can help to reduce the cost of fraud. Furthermore, we enhance our earlier analysis with respect to the empirical fact that some individuals care about fairness or — in the insurance fraud context — the legitimacy of their actions. Surprisingly, in some market situations these concerns of some policyholders do not lead to a lower fraud probability. Finally, we discuss how and to what extent insurance companies can influence such ethical concerns of policyholders. On that score, we distinguish insurance specific and insurance unspecific factors and their impact on the consumers attitudes towards insurance fraud.     

Aspekte einer Neugestaltung des Rechtes der Versicherungsvermittlung

The current fundamental reform of the German insurance law cannot and will not stop short of the law of insurance mediation. Up to now Sec. 43 to 48 Versicherungsvertragsgesetz (VVG = German Insurance Act) govern only one type of insurance intermediary known as insurance agent. The act only sets up rules to which extent the insurance agent has authority to bind the insurer. In the way the law is construed by the courts it differs in many aspects from the written law. Thus it is suggested to define the generic term ?insurance intermediary“ in the act as well as the subcategories ?insurance broker“ and ?insurance agent“, whereby the term ?insurance agent“ also includes the field staff employed by an insurer. In connection with the diffi-cult distinction between insurance brokers and insurance agents it remains questionable on which type of intermediary the rules regulating the relationship between agents and insurants and thereby protecting the potential customers should be applied accordingly. This controversial and in practice significant question should be explicitly decided by the legislator for reasons of legal certainty. In so far Sec. 43a of the Austrian Insurance Act could act as a model function. Regarding the insurance agents’ authority to receive (Empfangsvertretungsmacht des Versicherungsvertreters) for the insurer propositions exist to explicitly declare Sec. 43 No.l VVG, which grants the agent the authority to receive when accepting a contractual offer for the insurer, as mandatory. This suggestion would be in accordance with the current case law. Furthermore the wording of Sec. 43 No.l VVG should be altered so that the insurants’ pre-contractual risk-notifications, which the prevailing opinion already regards as being included, is explicitly mentioned. In principle Sec. 43 No.2 WG, which grants the agent the authority to receive notifications and representations for the duration of the insurance contract, should be declared as mandatory, too. Exempted should be the authority to receive for dispositions regarding the entitlements to benefits from (life) insurance contracts and the right to receive the insured sum. Sec. 44 WG, which strongly restricts the attribution of the agent’s knowledge to the insurer, is unconvincing, especially from a legal policy point of view. Therefore it is to be cancelled without substitution. Finally the legislator should refrain from codifying the customary liability based on the principles of reliance.     

Zwischen Vertragstreue und Vorteilsstreben

In the context of this article the author states that the present law situation is quite sufficient, in order to fight frauds within the insurance range effectively. In his personal view it is missing however at general consciousness that such frauds represent criminal injustice. In all other respects the author demands the attitude of the insurance industry to bring already detected criminal offences also to criminal pursuit.     

Zur Nachhaltigkeit der Generationenverträge: Eine Diagnose der Kranken- und Pflegeversicherung

Employing the generational accounting approach, this paper analyses the stance of fiscal policy in Germany. We find that fiscal policy is presently not sustainable, which is mainly due to pay-as-you-go financed social insurance systems. In order to illustrate the relative impact, we isolate the Public Health Insurance and the Public Long Term Care Insurance. Our findings suggest that without radical reforms the implicit debt burden for future generations might reach a magnitude of more than two times the annual GDP and contribution rates to both schemes will explode during the next three decades.     

波型梁护栏的孔型设计和应用

波型梁护栏通常用于高速公路 ,起安全保护作用 ,按交通部的标准要求 ,波型梁护栏是采用将冷轧钢板经冷弯成型而得。因而 ,运用冷弯成型理论 ,结合实际设计经验 ,给出了波型梁栏的孔型设计 ,此套孔型在 L w50 0 / l开口冷弯型钢专用机组上获得成功的同时 ,也将此推广到 1 65,2 1 9高频直缝焊管机组上。生产的波型梁护栏均满足交通部标准要求 ,且已用于石安高速公路和京沈高速公路。     

略论国有商业银行的市场营销

本文从研究国有商业银行市场营销环境入手 ,探讨了国有商业银行市场营销的细分市场 ,以及营销体系的构建等问题。     

基于计算机信息集成技术的房产管理信息系统

基于计算机信息集成技术的房产管理信息系统是房管部门实现房产管理现代化的一种重要途径。这种系统不但具有房产信息管理的输入、查询、检索、修改、计算、统计等一般功能，而且在信息集成技术的支持下还可以实现信息的数据集中、网络共享、并行处理、数据完整等优点。本详细探讨了这种基于计算机信息集成技术的房产信息管理系统系统分析、系统设计以及系统实施等几个重要开发过程的设计思想和作业内容，对计算机信息集成技术的相关内容也进行了一定介绍。     

基于供应链管理的房地产开发企业合伙模式研究

基于供应链的思想，传统制造业中的各个企业被看作整个供应链中的某一环节，供应链管理使企业集中优势资源与精力创造特殊价值，提高自身竞争能力并带动相关企业发展。房地产开发企业作为自身行业中的“集成制造商”，应该充分借鉴供应链管理的思想，大力发展与相关合作对象的伙伴关系，基于其独特的供应链的内部集成，建立合适的合伙模式，以达到降低开发成本、提高项目品质、增强企业核心竞争力的目标。     

工程质量问题和质量事故的处理

工程质量事故具有复杂性、严重性、可变性和多发的特点。因此，应加强质量风险分析，及早制定对策和措施，重视工程质量事故的防范和处理，避免已发生的质量问题和质量事故进一步恶化和扩大。