灾害冲击、“大饥荒”与内生的财政分权

1959~1961年发生的"大饥荒"改变了政治集权体制下推行财政分权模式的路径,为中国后来的政府间财政关系奠定了基础。文章利用县级层面的数据,通过气象灾害引发粮食作物减产的外生冲击,检验了饥荒严重程度与财政分权度之间的因果关系。实证结果表明,饥荒越严重的县,其后来的财政分权度越低。财政分权可能内生于"大饥荒"之后中央通过财政集权加强对地方的控制、降低政治经济风险的需要。这一发现拓展了"大饥荒"长期影响、财政分权决定因素以及分成合约与风险分担等领域的相关文献,有助于更好地理解集权体制的运行模式以及县际财政分权度差异的形成机制。     

Spanish and American Executives' Ethical Judgments and Intentions

This study explores differences between executives in the U.S. and Spain in their perceptions of ethical issues in pricing, specifically comparing a domestic firm's actions affecting a foreign market versus a foreign firm's actions affecting the domestic market. Overall, Spanish and American executives provided somewhat different responses to the scenarios. Findings indicate that ethical judgments and intentions among Spanish executives did not vary based on which country was harmed. U.S. executives generally perceived that a morally questionable act directed at a foreign country was more unethical than a morally questionable act directed at the United States. Possible explanations for these findings are suggested.     

The Ethics of Counterfeiting in the Fashion Industry: Quality,Credence and Profit Issues

One of the greatest problems facing luxury goods firms in a globalizing market is that of counterfeiting. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different types of counterfeiting that take place in thefashion industry and the ethical issues raised. We argue that the problem partly lies in the industry itself. Copying of designs is endemic and condoned, which raises several ethical dilemmas in passing judgment on the practice of counterfeiting. We analyze the ethical issues in a number of different types of counterfeiting encountered in the fashion industry. We conclude with some observations on the general implications for ethics in intellectual property rights.     

政府参与农民合作经济组织发展的职能演变

农民合作经济组织与政府之间的关系对合作组织的发展有着至关重要的影响。政府参与是我国农民合作经济组织发展的必要条件,政府应依照农民合作经济组织发展的初期、成长期、成熟期三个阶段的特性来对自己的职能进行动态定位,以哺育、扶持、守夜人身份执行政府职能。     

The Impact of Self-Esteem, Machiavellianism, and Social Capital on Attorneys' Traditional Gender Outlook

Utilizing a national sample of 106 attorneys and hierarchical regression analysis, this study identified several individual tendencies that could adversely affect women attorneys' career experiences. The findings indicated that self-esteem was negatively associated with a traditional gender outlook, and that Machiavellianism was positively associated with conservative beliefs about gender. Tolerance for diversity was negatively related to a traditional gender outlook, while work-based social agency was positively related to the preference for established gender roles. The results imply that confidence brings about greater acceptance of women's organizational roles, and that self-serving tendencies lower individuals' tolerance of women's employment. Diversity tolerance appears to prompt a nontraditional gender outlook, while social agency seems to prompt a traditional gender outlook. The organizational implications of the results are discussed along with the research limitations and recommendations for future inquiry.     

Create Value through Investment in Science A Business Overview of New Drug R＆D

This article is based on an invited presentation given at the opening ceremony of SAPA-GP Liaison Office at CPTTC Beijing Office on 25May2014. The author would like to thank Mr. Guozhong Rui and other CPTTC collaborators for their friendship and support, without which this article would be impossible.     

进口安全视角下中国棉花进口波动研究

论文针对进口安全问题,利用1992-2012年时间序列数据,以中国棉花进口为研究对象,运用进口市场集中度、进口依存度、自给率、贸易竞争力等方法从控制力和竞争力角度对中国棉花进口安全程度进行研究.分析得出:中国棉花供求矛盾突出;棉花进口维持在较高水平;棉花进口集中度较高;中国棉花进口依存度逐步由“不安全”状态向“危机”状态转变;中国棉花的自给率一直处于“危机”状态;中国棉花贸易竞争力也较弱,棉花安全也处于“危机”状态.     

Price integration in the Australian rock lobster industry: implications for management and climate change adaptation

Rock lobster fisheries are Australia's most valuable wild fisheries in terms of both value of production and value of exports. Different states harvest and export different lobster species, with most of the landings being sent to the Hong Kong market. A perception in the Australian lobster industry is that the different species are independent on the export market, such that a change in landings of one species has no impact on the price of the others. This study investigates the market integration of Australian exports to Hong Kong for the four species and different exporting states. Our results indicate all four species and producers/export states are perceived to be substitutes for one another, so that, in the long run, prices paid to operators in the industry will move together. The integrated nature of the Hong Kong export market for Australian lobster suggests that the potential impacts of alternative fisheries management and development strategies at state and species levels cannot be considered in isolation, at least from an economic perspective. In addition, impacts of external shocks affecting production in one state (e.g. climate change) can be expected to affect all Australian lobster fisheries.     

Explaining import quality: The role of the income distribution

We examine a generalized version of Flam and Helpman [Flam, H., Helpman, E., 1987. Vertical Product Differentiation and North-South Trade. American Economic Review, 77, 810-822.] in which consumption prices for quality differentiated goods are rising in household income. We provide propositions for aggregating this relationship across heterogenous households to map cross-country differences in income distributions to cross-country differences in import price distributions. The theoretical predictions are examined and confirmed using disaggregated data on prices of traded goods and micro data on household income from the Luxemburg Income Study. Country pairs with more similar income distributions have more similar import price distributions, whether similarity is measured by 1st-4th moment statistics, population and consumption shares within world income and product price quantiles, or income and price dis-similarity indices.     

行政区划窠臼内的中国经济区划

传统行政区划主要考虑的是政治的因素。改革开放以来,这些行政区的经济功能十分突出和明显,由此产生了一些问题。经济全球化的过程中,经济区域发展要求突破行政区划的束缚,走出一条区域联合之路。立足行政区划,并且超越行政区划是经济发展的可行之路。