全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4482篇 |
免费 | 192篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 875篇 |
工业经济 | 384篇 |
计划管理 | 610篇 |
经济学 | 966篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
运输经济 | 87篇 |
旅游经济 | 289篇 |
贸易经济 | 955篇 |
农业经济 | 82篇 |
经济概况 | 388篇 |
邮电经济 | 10篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 39篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 40篇 |
2020年 | 89篇 |
2019年 | 137篇 |
2018年 | 180篇 |
2017年 | 184篇 |
2016年 | 159篇 |
2015年 | 103篇 |
2014年 | 171篇 |
2013年 | 795篇 |
2012年 | 207篇 |
2011年 | 232篇 |
2010年 | 209篇 |
2009年 | 175篇 |
2008年 | 145篇 |
2007年 | 111篇 |
2006年 | 85篇 |
2005年 | 105篇 |
2004年 | 99篇 |
2003年 | 97篇 |
2002年 | 107篇 |
2001年 | 64篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 41篇 |
1996年 | 57篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 37篇 |
1993年 | 74篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 60篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 32篇 |
1984年 | 44篇 |
1983年 | 29篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 26篇 |
1979年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 22篇 |
1976年 | 42篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 17篇 |
1970年 | 19篇 |
排序方式: 共有4674条查询结果,搜索用时 687 毫秒
71.
Professor Ira Horowitz 《Journal of Economics》1992,55(1):65-75
This article explicitly incorporates layoff and hiring costs into a discretetime dynamic model with stationary demand uncertainty, in which managers in a cooperative learn something about the demand process over time, and anticipate learning something about that process. It is shown how the opportunity to learn affects initial membership size and how the knowledge gained induces changes in membership, as well as how risk preferences impact on membership size at any point in time. 相似文献
72.
This article examines the external shocks and subsequent adjustment processes in the Soviet Union, China, and Hungary during 1974–76, 1979–81, and 1984–87. It compares the experiences of the three socialist countries with regard to external shocks to those of inward-and outward-oriented groups of newly industrializing countries (NICs). In contrast to the NICs, terms of trade effects were of secondary magnitude to export demand effects of external shocks in the three socialist countries during the first two periods. The oil-exporting Soviet Union had beneficial terms of trade effects during the first two periods, with unfavorable effects coming only in the third period. The adjustment responses to the external shocks varied greatly in the Soviet Union from the other two reform-oriented socialist countries and from both groups of NICs. It is interesting to note that the types of responses in the Soviet Union were quite opposite to that one observes for market economies. However, reform-oriented China and Hungary seemed to have response patterns similar to those of market economies, though China's response was similar to the outward-oriented NICs, while Hungary's was similar to the inward-oriented NICs.The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees, as well as Robert Dernberger, Albert Fishlow, Gregory Grossman, Chung Lee, Michael Plummer, Laura Tyson, and Benjamin Ward, for useful comments on this paper. Research in preparing this study was partly supported by a grant from the Institute of International Studies and Center for Slavic and East European Studies of the University of California, Berkeley. 相似文献
73.
The multiple objectives of perishable product inventory management are examined in this paper. These objectives include: (1) satisfying demand by carrying sufficient inventories, (2) holding down inventory carrying costs, (3) keeping the amount of product spoilage (outdating) at an acceptable level, and (4) maintaining quality by using the product while it is still fresh, and (5) keeping the cost of rotation low. Some of the above objectives are in conflict. Thus, certain redistribution policies may help attain one or more of these objectives to a greater extent. Redistribution involves the transfer of the product from outlets where demand is low to outlets where demand is high. A goal programming model for solving redistribution problems is presented. An example is provided and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to determine when redistribution is advantageous. Applicability of the model is discussed. 相似文献
74.
Changes in the population age structure are known to influence the total income per person, but little is known about whether the changes are equally shared across the population or are concentrated on particular age groups and/or birth cohorts. The answer to this question has potentially important implications for income inequality, human capital investment, and fertility decision-making. We propose a new model of intergenerational transfers which distinguishes between the effects of changes in population structure and the effects of changes in family age structure. Using age-specific data from annual income and expenditure surveys of Taiwan between 1978 and 1998, we show that changes in age structure have had a very favorable effect on Taiwan's income growth. The gains are not equally shared by all age groups, however. Children and young adults have benefited the most, while the elderly have benefited the least. The population and family age structures have independent effects on per capita income; the effect of the population age structure is most important. Generational differences in per capita income are closely related to intergenerational differences in earnings, suggesting only a weak form of altruism. Finally, we predict that, on average, population aging will adversely influence the per capita income growth in Taiwan in the coming decades. 相似文献
75.
The monetarist, Keynesian, and supply side theories are based on the concept of equilibria. But in reality the relations among variables may build causal loops that are change-amplifying. The morphogenetic economic the ory includes in its analysis both change-amplifying and change-counteracting causal loops. In the existing economic theories, the major policy tools are money supply and government expenditure. But in the morphogenetic economics, some other elements can be seen as effective policy tools, depending on the node factor, the velocity, and the strength of the causal loops they belong to. The present overdependence on money supply or government expenditure as main tools of economic policy is inadequate. Furthermore, the morphogenetic economics differs from the existing economic theories in its calculation of the level of equilibria and of crowdingout effects. 相似文献
76.
77.
Richard H. Watson Research Assistant Professor 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》1978,11(2):165-185
Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is a computer based technique for helping small groups develop graphical representations of complex systems. In this paper, the rationale for the use of Interpretative Structural Modeling in activities such as technology assessment is developed and the basic concepts underlying the technique are explored. Several applications of ISM are described and from these experiences some observations are made about the nature and effectiveness of the ISM process and product. ISM was found to provide its users with a systematic and comprehensive method for integrating group judgments in the development of “first-cut‘ structural models. At the same time, however, the technique was found to be relatively inflexible and may, in some instances, inhibit group processes. Possible directions for the development of less rigid methods are suggested. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
The current North Korean reform focuses on an open door policy without much import liberalization and on a partial domestic liberalization limited to the consumer sector. This can be considered a variant of the so-called East Asian growth model pursued in South Korea, Taiwan, and China. Although the basic directions of such a model are understandable, the intensity of the reform measures is not radical and strong enough, and the economy has exhausted domestic resources to rely on and is having difficulty in getting access to external resources. Collaboration from the US and South Korea is the most critical elements for the success of North Korean strategy since these will lower political uncertainty and give the regime access to international capital and markets.They may have at most two or three years to rely on and try a big push from the outside, which can hopefully give the system a new momentum for recovery. Otherwise, collapse is certain since they do not have their own ability to revitalize the economy. Success or failure of the next three-year reform will determine the future of North Korea. Failure, including the sudden stop of the reform by internal coup, could lead to collapse of the North Korean regime (hard landing), which will bring in radical reforms either by a new North Korean leadership or by a South Korean takeover. Success could lead to a widening and deepening of reforms to deal with the main body of the domestic economic system (Chinese style soft landing), or alternatively give room for stop-go style (Romania or Cuba style) muddling through. 相似文献