Performance lies are hazardous to organizational health

Performance lies arise both from individual and from situational causes, but in this article, the attention is on situational causes. These are generally triggered by loyalty to the coalition, which is expressed through the continued use of performance lies. Because performance lies help create a boundary around the coalition that insulates its activities from top management, performance lies enable members of the coalition to exercise a greater degree of internal control. Naturally, such lies are dysfunctional, resulting in the avoidance of difficult issues and problems and compromising the organization's ability to adapt to a changing environment based on accurate information.     

试论我国环境会计的发展趋势

随着人类社会可持续发展观念的形成,环境会计开始成为会计学科的一个新分支。自从20世纪90年代以来,我国理论界在环境会计研究方面取得了一些成果。本文在回顾环境会计理论发展的同时,探索了我国环境会计的未来发展趋势。     

A Note on Minimax Mixture of Distributions Free Procedure for Inventory Model with Variable Lead Time

In recent papers, Moon and Choi (1998) and Hariga and Ben-Daya (1999)considered a continuous review inventory model with a mixture of backordersand lost sales in which the lead time, the order quantity, and the reorder pointare decision variables was studied. Moreover, they also develop a minimaxdistribution free procedure for the problem. While the demands of differentcustomers are not identical in the lead time, then we can't only use a singledistribution (such as Moon & Choi (1998) and Hariga & Ben-Daya (1999))to describe the demand of the lead time. Hence, we correct and extend the modelof Moon and Choi (1998) and Hariga and Ben-Daya (1999) by considering thelead time demand with the mixture of distributions. In addition, we also applythe minimax mixture of distributions free approach to the model by simultaneouslyoptimizing the order quantity, the reorder point, and the lead time to devise a practical procedure which can be used without specific information on demand distribution.     

论中小企业集群的营销优势

中小企业集群因其弹性的生产方式和所具备的三个特征 ,形成了独特的内在机制和营销组合优势。这种营销优势体现出集群整体强劲的竞争力 ,有助于推进以集群为基础的区域营销 ,建立区位品牌。西方发达国家集群发展的经验为我国中小企业集群的二次创业提供了表率     

变集体所有为公共所有的新型土地生产关系创制

创制一种新型土地生产关系的目的是为了超越责任制的局限，建立产权和经营权之间的有效连结机制，从而为城乡统筹意义上的共同富裕提供相应的经济基础。这种创制的基本途径是革新土地的集体所有制，并以由此而得到的产权落实为新型合作经济提供必要的资格保证。本文认为，创制新型土地生产关系包括设置土地委员会、实行产权的物权化，以及建立新型合作经济等方面的内容。     

从战略管理角度探讨中国公司对外直接投资——基于制度、交易成本、资源理论的视角

随着全球的经济一体化,对外直接投资成为了公司战略管理的核心内容.中国是最大的新兴国家,同时也是新兴经济体中最大的对外投资国.中国公司的对外直接投资成为新兴公司战略管理研究的重要课题之一.本文以制度、交易成本和资源三大主流理论为基础,从战略管理的角度,分析了中国公司的对外直接投资,提供了不同的战略管理理论对这类投资不同角度的认识和理解,并强调了制度理论在分析中国公司对外直接投资中的重要性.同时,本文也简要探讨了中国公司对外直接投资的实践经验对主流理论发展的影响.     

Revealed preference and differentiable demand

Summary. We prove that, for finitely many demand observations, the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference tests not only the existence of a strictly concave, strictly monotone and continuous utility generator, but also one that generates an infinitely differentiable demand function. Our results extend those of previous related results (Matzkin and Richter, 1991; Chiappori and Rochet, 1987), yielding differentiable demand functions but without requiring differentiable utility functions.Received: 1 November 2001, Revised: 5 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D12. Correspondence to: Kam-Chau WongThis is a much revised version of Lee and Wong (2001). We are grateful to the Referee for valuable suggestions. We also thank Professor Marcel K. Richter for his comments.     

论技术性贸易壁垒的本质及其对国际贸易的双重影响

技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）已经成为影响国际贸易发展的重要因素。本文从TBT的形成和本质特征的角度，就其对国际贸易的双重影响作了深入的分析和论证。本文认为，TBT一方面有其合理性，即真正为了实现规定的合法目标，维护成员方的根本利益；另一方面在实践中进口国政府往往以TBT之名，行贸易保护主义之实。对出口方来说，在利用WTO抑制不合理的TBT的同时，更应该重视和主动适应TBT引起的市场需求的新变化。同时WTO应该进一步完善《TBT协议》，以减少TBT对国际贸易的不利影响。     

Learning by doing,spillovers and shakeouts

This paper studies industry evolution driven by non strategic learning by doing and spillovers. We characterize a dynamic process of cost and output changes and its effect on welfare and industry profits. The paper gives conditions for shakeouts to occur and analyzes the key factors affecting these conditions. Since shakeouts could lead to a long-run social loss due to higher market concentration, there is a role for a government to play in limiting unnecessary shakeouts. The most effective way to do so is to enhance spillovers.JEL Classification: L11, L13, O31Correspondence to: Michael TroegeWe would like to thank Hans Mewis, Christophe Moussu and an anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions. We also benefited from comments of seminar participants at WZB, Humboldt University, Northwestern University and the EEA/ESEM 1999 meetings. Part of the research was carried out while Michael Tröge was visiting Northwestern University. Financial support by the German Research Council (DFG) is gratefully acknowledged.     

皖江区域发展产业集群的理论与实证优势分析

皖江区域发展产业集群战略，从理论上看，既可以获得正反馈连锁效应，又能通过分工，获得较以前更大的集群效应。在实证层面，已有皖江马芜铜的成功，有苏南可借鉴先例的示范，有左右逢源的区域，有内外资本的支撑，有人力资源的优势，更有中部崛起的潮流，这些不同角度的相互印证证明：皖江区域产业集群在实证中同样是明智的，更是有效的。