Tourism agglomeration and urbanization: empirical evidence from China

Tourism-driven urbanization presents a new way of exploring the construction of a new-type of urbanization. Consequently, the relationship between urbanization and the frequent agglomeration of tourism activities has attracted much research attention in recent years. This paper empirically investigates the influence of tourism agglomeration on urbanization using China’s provincial panel data for years 1999–2012. A panel data model with a fixed effect model and a two-step system generalized method of moments estimation is constructed to explore that influence. Results show that tourism agglomeration positively influences urbanization, and there exists a U-shaped relationship between these two variables. After capturing the dynamic nature of urbanization, we estimate the long-term tourism agglomeration elasticity in China as 0.4566. This paper provides theoretical and practical implications on urbanization of China in view of tourism agglomeration.     

MA公司物流成本的会计核算探析

以MA公司为例，对MA公司会计核算现状进行了探讨，当前MA公司物流成本会计核算内容、核算科目设置、核算信息管理等还存在诸多缺陷，制约了MA公司对物流成本的科学管理，也在一定程度上影响了MA公司的发展，从MA公司物流成本的会计核算内容丰富、会计核算科目及账户设置、会计核算的信息管理等角度提出了对策建议。     

小麦面筋含量测定影响因素分析

面筋含量是影响小麦和小麦粉品质的重要因素,面筋吸水率是小麦储存品质的重要指标。本文对小麦面筋含量测定中的关键步骤和重点环节进行了分析,探讨不同因素对试验结果造成的影响及应注意的事项,以期为各基层试验人员提供借鉴,为未来标准的修订提供参考。     

When Auditors Say ‘No,’ Does the Market Listen?

Previous research on whether the market responds to auditors’ opinions has provided mixed results. We revisit this issue in China, where individual investors who are more likely to neglect value-relevant information dominate the stock market. In addition to going concern opinions (GCOs), China permits modified audit opinions (MAOs) on violations of accounting standards or disclosure rules (GAAP/DISC MAOs), providing an opportunity not available in the literature to enrich the study of audit-opinion pricing. We find that, ceteris paribus, MAO recipients underperform in the future and have a higher incidence of adverse outcomes such as misreporting and stock delisting, and the market reacts negatively to MAOs during the short window around MAO disclosure. Importantly, MAO disclosure is not followed by negative long-term stock returns, suggesting stock price adjustments to MAOs are speedy and unbiased. These findings hold for both GCOs and GAAP/DISC MAOs. Together, our findings support the informativeness of audit opinions and cast doubt on the argument that investors inefficiently price audit opinions due to information-processing bias.     

Debt Covenant Restriction,Financial Misreporting,and Auditor Monitoring*

Theory suggests that financial report-based debt covenants engender incentives for the manager to relax covenant constraints through accounting choices in order to avoid costly covenant violations. Prior studies directly testing this hypothesis in the context of financial misreporting fail to find consistent evidence. Using a more refined measure of debt covenant restriction, we find that debt covenant restriction is positively associated with the probability of financial statement misstatements. This positive association is driven by performance covenants rather than capital covenants and is more consistent with the manager striving to avoid a “false-positive” violation than to delay the violation. Our results also imply that managers resort to both income-increasing and non–income-increasing misreporting to relieve covenant constraints and rely more on the latter when faced with greater earnings management constraints. Additionally, the auditor charges higher audit fees to firms with more binding covenants even outside the violation state, and audit fees increase with constraints relative to both performance and capital covenants, reflecting greater financial reporting risk and bankruptcy risk, respectively. Within capital covenants, we find some evidence of even higher audit fees for tighter intangible-inclusive versus intangible-exclusive capital covenants. Lastly, our evidence suggests that the positive association between covenant constraints and misreporting is attenuated when the auditor has more experience with debt covenants, has greater bargaining power over the client, or faces greater litigation risk.     

HAZOP在地下非煤矿山人员伤亡事故中的应用探讨

危险与可操作性研究(HAZOP)能够在化工企业成功运用,同样也可以在矿业工程领域得到很好的应用。HAZOP在非煤地下矿山人员伤亡事故中的应用,通过对事故发生、初期事故处理、撤离工作区、撤离矿井四个节点的分析,找出井下人员伤亡事故的原因并加以控制。     

Regional disparity of embedded carbon footprint and its sources in China: a consumption perspective

Carbon emission reduction could be achieved through extensive cooperation between relevant groups such as businesses, governments and consumers. Generally, carbon emissions stem from consumer behaviour. To tackle the increasingly serious energy crisis and climate change in China, it is thus vital to control carbon emissions generated by the country's urban consumers. From a consumption perspective, we utilize a self-organizing feature map model to analyse the spatial differentiation of per capita embedded carbon footprint (ECF) in urban China. We found that the spatial differentiation is significant with the per capita ECF of the east coastal area at a high level and that per capita disposable income is the key factor affecting ECF. Based on these findings, potential business opportunities to develop low-carbon products are discussed.     

多种创新方法集成与应用研究

本文深入研究了创新方法内涵，对各种创新方法进行系统梳理与分类，在产品生命周期全过程各个创新要素和创新内容进行选择、整合和优化基础上，利用复杂适应系统理论，建立多种创新方法集成与应用系统，在产品创新的整个过程中形成模块儿化的互补优势，使新产品较以往来说功能上呈现倍增，并适应进化规律，从根源上促进创新的发展。     

再论我国公司法人格否认制度

10年前的2005年我国在新颁布的《公司法》中大胆的吸收了西方公司法中的一项重要制度，即公司法人格否认制度。该制度的产生是为了规避在股东有限责任的背景下股东滥用有限责任从而损害债权人的利益的问题。我国企业在进行了公司制的改革后，也同样存在着股东可能滥用有限责任的问题，因此在公司法中规定法人格否认是必须的。但是，从10来的司法实践来看，公司法人格否认制度还没有能够完全发挥其限制股东滥用有限责任，保护无辜债权人的立法目的。本文针对在司法实践中存在的问题，在理论上提出一些建议，以求进一步完善公司法人格否认制度。