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991.
Spot to retail price pass-through behavior of the U.S. gasoline market was investigated at the national and regional levels, using weekly wholesale and retail motor gasoline prices from January 2000 to the present. Asymmetric pass-through was found across all regions, with faster pass-through when prices are rising. Pass-through patterns, in terms of speed and time for completion, were found to vary from region to region. Spatial aggregation was investigated at the national level and the East Coast with the aggregated cumulative pass-through being greater than the volume-weighted regional pass-through when spot prices increase. These results are useful to the petroleum industry, consumers, and policy makers by providing a basis to estimate the retail price effects that result from a change in spot price. 相似文献
992.
This study uses a unique set of annual provincial data on soil and water conservation (SWC) investments during the period 1989–2005 to estimate the impact of such investments on the extent and severity of erosion, the growth rate of agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and rural poverty reduction in China. We find that SWC investments made by local governments have a significant negative impact on the extent of erosion and (in recent years) the severity of erosion, whereas SWC investments made by farm households until recently had a significant negative effect on the severity of erosion. In its turn, the severity of erosion is found to have a significant negative impact on agricultural GDP. Estimation of the impact of the extent of erosion on agricultural GDP provides mixed results. Based on these results, we derive that one RMB invested in SWC by local governments increases agricultural GDP in 2002 with 0.84–1.25 RMB. Finally, we find that agricultural GDP has a significant negative impact on the rural poverty rate. The resulting indirect effect of SWC investment on rural poverty reduction, however, is small compared to other types of public investment. We conclude that (local) government investments in SWC do not only serve environmental goals, but also make a non-negligible contribution to agricultural growth and rural poverty reduction. 相似文献
993.
994.
This paper examines the impact of trade policy on specialization patterns in ten Latin American countries over the period
1985–1998. These countries are natural case studies because in the last decades they implemented comprehensive trade liberalization
programs, both generally and preferentially, starting from relatively high tariff protection levels. Our econometric results
suggest that reducing own most favored nation tariffs is associated with increasing manufacturing production specialization.
Furthermore, we find that preferential trade liberalization and differences in the degree of unilateral openness have resulted
in increased dissimilarities in manufacturing production structures across countries. These results are robust across specialization
measures and estimation methods.
相似文献
Christian Volpe MartincusEmail: |
995.
This paper analyses both quarterly data from the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) Survey on respondents’ expectations
of recent and forthcoming manufacturing output and monthly Office of National Statistics (ONS) figures on actual manufacturing
output within the UK. Quarterly output expectations of the CBI manufacturers are explained from the monthly ONS observations
using a bounded rationality approach. The logistic formulation models the diffusion process across respondents. There is a
backward-looking CBI Survey perspective, explained by past ONS observations, and a forward-looking perspective, explained
from future ONS statistics. Also, the forecasting of monthly manufacturing output from earlier values, along with the quarterly
CBI Survey information, is examined and tested against the alternative Pesaran/Thomas method. The study provides econometric
evidence for the validity of the logistic model and shows that bounded rationality can explain the formation of predictions
among business managers in the UK manufacturing sector. The emerging consensus from the literature, supported by this paper,
is that the logistic format is a superior approximation to the true data generating process compared with the earlier standard
Anderson/Pesaran/Thomas approach. An adjustment to the Survey is used, which achieves perfect symmetry with up and down versions
of the data. The benefits of this adjustment are tested in the forecasting section.
相似文献
David BywatersEmail: |
996.
一、酒店业收益管理的关键要素 1.超额预定(Overbooking) 由于事先预定的顾客有可能取消预定或者因各种原因不能前来人住,超额预定成为酒店业的常用策略。超额预定就是在订房已满的情况下,再适当增加订房数量,使订房数超过客房的实际数目。超额预订可以有效地减少因预定顾客的不出现而导致客房空置的风险,但同时也有因预订顾客全部抵店而带来的无房可住的风险。因此,如何实现最佳超额预订,将两种风险降到最低,是收益管理关注的重点。从理论上讲,最优的超额预订数是当接受一个额外预订的边际收益等于边际成本时。一般认为超额预订数可由以下公式确定: 相似文献
997.
Jan Bonenkamp 《De Economist》2009,157(1):49-77
Summary This paper assesses how the Dutch system of occupational pensions redistributes between and within generations. The approach
in this paper deviates from the usual approach by incorporating the full life cycle in the measurements, rather than only
the annual effects. In order to quantify redistribution, we use the level of educational attainment, gender and age to classify
the pension fund population. For all groups distinguished, we measure in present value terms the average net benefit from
participating in occupational pensions. The results indicate a sizable redistribution from males to females and from low educated
to higher educated workers. On a lifetime basis, the impact of intergenerational transfers is modest.
I am grateful to the two anonymous referees, Ed Westerhout, Casper van Ewijk, Lex Meijdam, Yvonne Adema and Peter Kooiman
for their helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper, and to Andre Nibbelink for his valuable computational assistance. 相似文献
998.
Financial globalisation has been associated with divergent current account patterns in emerging markets. In this paper we
test for the relevance of financial market characteristics in explaining different current account patterns in emerging Europe
and emerging Asia. We find that better developed and more integrated financial markets increase emerging markets’ ability
to borrow abroad. The degree of financial integration within the convergence clubs as well as the extent of reserve accumulation
are found to be the most significant factors to explain divergent current account patterns in emerging Europe and emerging
Asia. 相似文献
999.
Guido Schryen 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2010,2(4):233-244
The economic relevance of information systems has been studied for many years and has attracted an abundance of research papers.
However, the “productivity paradoxon” of the 1990s, Carr’s widely recognized paper “IT doesn’t matter”, and several studies
that do not find a positive correlation between IS investments and economic performance reveal long-lasting difficulties for
IS researchers to explain “IS business value”. Business executives and researchers also continue to question the value of
IS investments. This raises the question of whether literature reviews have tapped their potential to address the concerns
by covering key research areas of IS business value and preserving their key findings. In order to address this question,
this paper identifies and describes 12 key research areas, and synthesizes what literature reviews published in pertinent
academic outlets have done to preserve knowledge. The analysis of 22 literature reviews shows that some crucial areas have
not been (sufficiently) covered. They provide fertile areas for future literature reviews. As this work is based on the results
of more than 200 research papers, it is capable of drawing a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art in IS business
value research. 相似文献
1000.
Ralf Boscheck 《Intereconomics》2009,44(5):295-299
In a 2008 article in the EU’s Competition Policy Newsletter, Peter Lowe, Director General of the EU Commission’s Directorate Competition, synthesised the experience of his office with regard to the design of competition policy institutions for the 21st century. A year earlier, he had co-authored another article, appearing in the same venue, recapitulating the Commission’s lessons learned from the Energy Sector Inquiry and the need for effective unbundling of energy transmission networks. The reader of both, at first astounded by the apparent gap between policymaking reality and reflections upon it, soon detects a rather pragmatic approach to shaping regulatory agendas. But are there limits to expediency? 相似文献