家中绿植：能吸收PM2．5吗？

家里摆放植物可以美化环境，改善心情．但不要对商家宣称的其特殊功能抱有太多期望     

Exporting and Economic Performance: Firm‐level Evidence of Spanish Manufacturing

In a previous paper, Delgado, Fariñas and Ruano (2002) report TFP differences between exporters and non‐exporters on the basis of a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms. In this paper, we extend the previous analysis in three directions using a similar data set. First, we investigate additional economic performance differences between exporters and non‐exporters. Second, we measure TFP differences estimating production functions that control for unobserved heterogeneity and simultaneity bias. Third, we explore the self‐selection and learning‐by‐exporting hypothesis as explanations for the greater performance of exporters. With respect to the results, we confirm that many indicators of economic performance such as productivity, size, wages and innovation are greater in exporting firms. Furthermore, TFP differences between exporters and non‐exporters estimated with parametric methods are remarkably similar to those estimated using index numbers. Finally, performance differences and transition patterns between the export market and the domestic market indicate higher performance for entering exporters with respect to non‐exporters at the moment of entry. We find evidence of selection in the entry and the exit side of the export market. One of the basic results that we obtain indicates that after controlling for self‐selection, the productivity growth of entering exporters does not significantly change with respect to non‐exporters. As the evidence we find indicates no systematic changes in performance between non‐exporters and exporters after entry takes place, we do not confirm the learning‐by‐exporting hypothesis.     

项目管理视角下政府与企业应对技术壁垒的协调机制

国外技术壁垒的应对是一个复杂的系统工程,政府和企业是这一系统中的主体,二者如何分工配合、协同应对是实现跨越的关键。本文应用项目管理的手段,在协同目标的基础上,通过工作分解及责任分配矩阵来设置跨越国外技术壁垒过程中政府与企业的协同关系,从而为我国建立跨越国外技术壁垒的协调机制提供一个新思路。     

Value at risk and conditional extreme value theory via markov regime switching models

This study develops a new conditional extreme value theory‐based (EVT) model that incorporates the Markov regime switching process to forecast extreme risks in the stock markets. The study combines the Markov switching ARCH (SWARCH) model (which uses different sets of parameters for various states to cope with the structural changes for measuring the time‐varying volatility of the return distribution) with the EVT to model the tail distribution of the SWARCH processed residuals. The model is compared with unconditional EVT and conditional EVT‐GARCH models to estimate the extreme losses in three leading stock indices: S&P 500 Index, Hang Seng Index and Hang Seng China Enterprise Index. The study found that the EVT‐SWARCH model outperformed both the GARCH and SWARCH models in capturing the non‐normality and in providing accurate value‐at‐risk forecasts in the in‐sample and out‐sample tests. The EVTSWARCH model, which exhibits the features of measuring the volatility of a heteroscedastic financial return series and coping with the non‐normality owing to structural changes, can be an alternative measure of the tail risk. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:155–181, 2008     

NDRC Attaches Great Importance to National Development and People''''s Life

Issues concerning national development and people's lives are always regarded as the most importance at the People's Congress. At this year's People's Congress, a series of issues, including GDP growth, investment of fixed assets, real estate prices, energy saving and reduction of polluting emission, energy consumption, etc., have attracted extensive attention.     

对反物质的再认识

利用克里福德代数建立的双曲Minkowski空间，能描述正粒子和反粒子的几何行为，在此数学背景下讨论微观客体的运动行为和物理性质，可能为正粒子、反粒子与物质的内在逻辑关联以及辩证地理解反物质带来一些新意。     

Gefährdet TTIP die ökonomische Zukunftsfähigkeit?

This article contributes to the discussion on the economic effects of TTIP by focusing on the opportunities for the participating economies of enhancing their innovative capacities. Referring to the insights of Neo-Schumpeterian evolutionary innovation economics the article concludes that according to the currently published documents the legal properties of TTIP can harm the ability of states to adapt their regulatory standards — a main instrument for a dynamic and technology-specific innovation policy. The missing flexibility for the new supranational standards can be a major reason for difficulties in the reform of standards aiming at a “creative disturbance” of market processes by the state in order to stimulate innovative activities and to induce additional growth.     

EC Competition Law After Modernisation: More than Ever in the Interest of Consumers

In this paper it is argued that even though the consumer cannot (anymore) be reduced to a homo oeconomicus, competition law is the cornerstone of consumer law and that the decentralised application of EC competition law since 1 May 2004 (pursuant to Regulation 1/2003) gives new opportunities for an effective application of the EC competition rules to the benefit of consumers. While the EC Treaty (and the future Constitution for Europe) aim to protect consumers in the framework of the internal market programme, as well as on the basis of a genuine consumer protection policy, it is submitted that an effective competition policy remains crucial for consumers in a market economy. Consumer interests are generally diffuse and therefore difficult to protect via legal procedures. Nevertheless a further development of remedies which are already available in Community law (nullity of restrictive agreements, claims for damages, actions for a cease and desist order, and so on) will contribute to an increased application of the competition rules in the interest of consumers.     

《旅游教育质量认证体系》及其启示

随着全球旅游业的快速发展以及《服务贸易总协定》的实施,对高素质旅游人才的需求越来越旺盛,旅游教育也越加受到各方的关注和期待。但是现阶段由于各国的文化背景、经济状况和教育质量都不尽相同,旅游教育的质量也大相径庭。世界旅游组织(WTO)为更好地提高旅游教育质量以满足迅速发展的旅游业,制定了《旅游教育质量认证体系》(TedQual Certificacion System)。该文主要就《体系》制订的背景、体系的组成、质量标准的构成及认证的程序作简要的介绍,并就其对中国旅游教育的启示阐述个人的观点。