Entry Facilitation by Environmental Groups

We consider a model of vertical product differentiation where consumers care about the environmental damage their consumption causes. An environmental group is capable of increasing consumers’ environmental concern via a costly campaign. We show that the prospect of such a campaign can induce entry by a firm that is able to employ a cleaner technology than the one used by the incumbent. We further demonstrate that the subsequent competition can lead to an adverse effect on aggregate pollution, i.e. the decline in average industry pollution per product is offset by the increase in aggregate production.      

Die <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zeitschrift für die gesamte Versicherungswissenschaft</Emphasis> bleibt die Zeitschrift für alle Disziplinen der versicherungswissenschaftlichen Forschung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Evolutionary Game Theory and the Modeling of Economic Behavior

Since the 1950s economists have applied game-theoretical concepts to a wide variety of economic problems. The Nash equilibrium concept has proven to be a powerful instrument in analyzing the outcome of economic processes. Since the late 1980s economists have also shown a growing interest in the application of evolutionary game theory. This paper discusses the main concepts of evolutionary game theory and their applicability to economic issues. Whereas traditional game theory focusses on the static Nash equilibria as the possible outcomes of the game, evolutionary game theory teaches us to explicitly model the behavior of individuals outside equilibrium. This may provide us with a better understanding of the dynamic forces within a society of interacting individuals.     

关于进一步加强新形势下价格工作的研究报告

价格问题事关社会、经济、政治发展和稳定大局，价格在经济发展和社会和谐建设中有重要作用。在《中华人民共和国价格法》实施10周年之际，课题组就价格工作进行了调研。主要从价格的基本功能、价格机制形成、市场运行规律等方面，探讨了价格在宏观调控中的重要作用具有不可替代性；提出创新价格管理理念和机制，发挥好价格在宏观调控中不可替代的作用的具体目标思路；分析了当前价格体制和机制运行中存在着诸多不适应因素；为发挥好价格在宏观调控中的作用，研究并提出了切实抓好“五大”着力点等对策建议。