Farmer education and farm efficiency in Nepal: The role of schooling,extension services,and cognitive skills

This study uses data from Nepal to ascertain the relation between education and farmer efficiency. It finds a positive effect of education on efficiency for three major crops, but only with the recently introduced wheat crop is the effect statistically significant at standard levels. The data provide no evidence that education's effects should be attributed, even in part, to family background correlates or to a measure of ability. Among the cognitive outcomes of education, numeracy is found to affect productivity in wheat production (as well as the propensity to be growing wheat at all). Measures of farmer modernity and agricultural knowledge are not found to be correlated with farm efficiency. Calculations from the results suggest that a one-standard- deviation improvement in the numeracy test score has a present value that is high relative to the probable cost of effecting such an improvement.     

Conflict Management and Team Effectiveness in China: The Mediating Role of Justice

Although increasingly relied upon, teams can be ineffective and frustrating. Recent research suggests that conflict management contributes to team effectiveness but the value of conflict has not been considered to apply to China and other collectivist societies. However, collectivist values can make developing justice particularly important. This study investigates how conflict management can contribute to team effectiveness by developing justice. Structural equation analysis of data provided by 126 MBA student respondents involved in group projects in China supports the model that a cooperative approach to conflict leads to distributive, procedural, and interactive forms of justice which in turn promote team effectiveness. In contrast, an avoiding approach was found to predict injustice and team ineffectiveness. Unexpectedly, a competitive approach was not as consistently related to injustice as avoiding conflict. Findings were interpreted as suggesting that orienting members to manage conflict cooperatively can strengthen justice and effectiveness in teams in China.     

Sample Selection Bias and Repeat-Sales Index Estimates

Analysis of variations in house values among localities requires reliable house value indices. Gatzlaff and Haurin (1994) indicate that traditional hedonic house value index estimates, using only information from a sample of sold homes to estimate value movements for the entire housing stock, may be subject to substantial bias. This article extends previous work by adapting the censored sample procedure to the repeat-sales index estimation model. Using data from Dade County, Florida, a house value index constructed from a sample of homes selling more than once, rather than all houses in a locality, is found to be biased. The bias is shown to be highly correlated with changes in economic conditions.     

Interdependence and Managing Conflict with Sub-Contractors in the Construction Industry in East Asia

In contrast to traditional assumptions about Asian conflict management, interdependence may induce cooperative approaches to conflict rather than avoidance or competition. Findings from supervisors on 216 subcontractors in Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong support the hypotheses that interdependence leads to cooperative conflict which results in constructive conflict which in turn helps the subcontractor contribute to the main contractor. However, competitive and avoiding conflict were found to be useful in Taiwan. Results were interpreted as suggesting that the theory of cooperation and competition offers the potential for strengthening conflict management in East Asia and that cooperative conflict, rather than avoiding, may reinforce feelings of interdependence in East Asia.     

Uncertainty,growth controls,and the efficiency of development patterns

This article examines the regulation of real estate development patterns from the perspective of the suburban household. Employing concepts of efficiency developed in the financial economics literature, it argues that uncertainty about future growth impacts, coupled with transactions costs, contributes to the motivation to enact growth controls. The article concludes by suggesting that in an information-efficient environment an alternative pricing policy, rather than regulatory intervention, is a Pareto-preferred response.     

试论建立第二板市场促进中国高科技产业的发展

世界经济发展进入所谓“信息时代”或“知识经济（theknowledge－basedeconomy）时代,以知识密集型技术为基础的知识产业或高科技产业,成为全部产业的核心,成为一个国家获取长期竞争优势的最主要来源,成为社会经济可持续增长的推进器。中国迎接知识经济的挑战,要大力发展高科技产业,而高科技产业的发展离不开风险投资业的发展,而风险投资业的真正发展又离不开资本市场,不能缺少其正常运作的基础条件──第二板市场,为此,中国必须将建立第二板市场列入议事日程。     

两台Intel 86/310微型机通信控制软件的研制与实现

本文针对一种通信网对网控设备通信控制器的要求,采用两台Intel86/310微型机,开发研制了通信控制软件,并成功地用于该通信网。文中介绍了该软件的设计思想,实现方法以及程序流程图。     

The performance of the gph estimator of the fractional difference parameter: Simulation results

This paper investigates the behavior of the GPH estimator of the fractional difference parameter suggested by Geweke and Porter-Hudak (1983), through Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results indicate that when considering a stationary AR(1) generating process the GPH estimator of the fractional difference parameter has serious bias which increases with the value of the autoregressive parameter, even for relatively large samples. The results suggest that tests and point estimates based on this procedure can be seriously misleading with hypothesis ests yielding incorrect inferences and thus must be used with great care.     

Managing R&D-marketing integration in the new product development process

Cross-functional coordination and collaboration between R&D and marketing is crucial to the success of the new product development process. By understanding how organizational characteristics influence the quality and quantity of information exchanged during the planning and implementation stages of innovation, managers can take steps to increase the communication within their firm, and thereby increase the probability of new product development success. This examines the effects of several organizational characteristics posited to play an important role in the effective cross-functional information exchange using data collected from 376 U.S. firms. The authors found (1) positive impacts on information exchange are attributed to a formalized system of procedural interaction, the quality of the cross-functional relationship, and a joint-rewards structure; and (2) the quality and quantity of cross-functional information exchanges are influenced negatively by the lack of credibility, and positively by rewards for interaction and a high quality of cross-functional relationship.     

黑龙江省旅游教育发展战略的研究

从黑龙江省旅游业的现状入手,阐述了与黑龙江省旅游业发展相适应的旅游教育的历史沿革、旅游人才的需求、培养状况及旅游教育人才需求状况和存在的问题.提出了黑龙江省"十五"期间旅游教育的发展目标、步骤与方法.