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101.
This paper uses a simple model of mean-variance capital markets equilibrium with proportional transactions costs to analyze the competition of stock markets for investors. We assume that equity trading is costly and endogenize transactions costs as variables strategically influenced by stock exchanges. Among other things, the model predicts that increasing financial market correlation leads to a decrease of transaction costs, an increase in cross-border trading activity, and to a decrease in the home bias of international equity flows. These predictions are consistent with the recent evolution of international stock markets. 相似文献
102.
We suggest a simple framework for characterizing alternative ways that “persuasive advertising” may affect consumer preferences. We illustrate the implications of our theory—and contrast it with results from models of informative advertising—by analyzing the relationship between the degree of product differentiation and equilibrium levels of advertising. The analysis suggests that a positive relationship between equilibrium levels of advertising and (inherent) product substitutability is consistent only with advertising that “increases perceived product differences.” 相似文献
103.
Sebastian Reddemann Tobias Basse Meik Friedrich J.-M. Graf von der Schulenburg 《保险科学杂志》2009,98(3):273-281
The over performance of hedge funds until the current financial market turbulences led to a large number of insurers increasing their hedge funds quota. In the following this asset class is examined and particularly analyzed with respect to its adequacy for an insurance company's asset allocation by focusing on the axiom of safety, as demanded by national law. The problem of survivorship-bias and the Markowitz requirements of normal-distribution and constant correlations among the asset classes and their impact on a strategic asset allocation are studied. 相似文献
104.
Dieter von Fintel 《Development Southern Africa》2017,34(1):1-16
Unemployment in South Africa has multiple causes. This article uses a district pseudo-panel to estimate the elasticity of labour demand, labour supply and unemployment with respect to wages. We assess whether hiring decisions are more sensitive to increases in wages of low-paid workers than high-paid workers, and whether wage growth prompts entry into the labour market. These channels combine to result in the positive causal effect of wage growth on unemployment. The research investigates whether these effects are dominated by districts in which unionisation rates are high and employment is concentrated in large firms. Wage growth of middle-paid to highly paid workers – as opposed to low-paid workers – reduces local labour demand and raises local unemployment. Bargaining arrangements correspond closely to the spatial wage distribution; in turn, a large part of the impact that wage growth has on labour market outcomes is determined by these wage-setting institutions. 相似文献
105.
This paper describes algorithms for finding all Nash equilibria of a two-player game in strategic form. We present two algorithms
that extend earlier work. Our presentation is self-contained, and explains the two methods in a unified framework using faces
of best-response polyhedra. The first method lrsnash is based on the known vertex enumeration program lrs, for “lexicographic reverse search”. It enumerates the vertices of only one best-response polytope, and the vertices of the
complementary faces that correspond to these vertices (if they are not empty) in the other polytope. The second method is
a modification of the known EEE algorithm, for “enumeration of extreme equilibria”. We also describe a second, as yet not implemented, variant that is space
efficient. We discuss details of implementations of lrsnash and EEE, and report on computational experiments that compare the two algorithms, which show that both have their strengths and weaknesses. 相似文献
106.
ABSTRACT“Sustainability” has turned into a buzzword for businesses around the globe as consumers in mature and, increasingly, in emerging markets shift their demand toward sustainably enhanced products. Surprisingly, a global picture of consumers' expectations regarding sustainable products is still missing. This study uses exploratory factor analysis to determine the perceived importance and interrelation of selected sustainability aspects in three developed (Germany, Switzerland, United States) and three emerging (Brazil, China, India) markets. Results are linked to national cultural value theory to explore which sustainability aspects and positioning strategies may be promising to expand the outreach of sustainable products in developed and emerging markets alike. Results suggest that across the sampled economies, sustainability is increasingly considered as being comprised of a health aspect. While health and quality of life aspects emerged as key issues across countries, cultural backgrounds and local market conditions resulted in nuanced expectations of sustainability, which should be kept in mind in communicating and positioning sustainable products. 相似文献
107.
This paper offers a framework to study strategic interactions between private players, national fiscal authorities and a common central bank in monetary unions. We establish general conditions, in terms of restrictions on spillover effects of actions by private and public players, under which games that differ in the degree of cooperation and commitment can admit the same equilibrium outcome. We use these conditions to characterize benchmark results on the irrelevance of cooperation and commitment established in recent literature. Moreover, we show for a general setting, in which the benchmark results do not apply, that gains from fiscal cooperation depend on the number of countries and increase as this number gets larger. 相似文献
108.
George M. von Furstenberg 《Open Economies Review》2008,19(4):539-556
The International Financial Services (IFS) industry is restructuring internally and by location. This paper outlines the economic
forces and analytical methods that may be applied to examine the economic drivers of these processes as ever more cities,
particularly in East Asia, are vying to attract IFS providers and their clients. The ICT revolution has made those IFS that
can be commoditized footloose in search of cost efficiency. High value-added financial services, however, will continue to
be developed and coordinated in a few major IFS centers that have invested in, or capitalized on, regional or global advantages
for themselves and their clients. The resulting pattern of functional fragmentation and geographic dispersal may facilitate
analyses of the competitiveness of different lines of the financial services business in a particular location by methods
such as Data Envelopment and Stochastic Frontier Analysis. These forms of comparative efficiency analysis have recently been
questioned and their results reinterpreted.
相似文献
George M. von FurstenbergEmail: |
109.
Organizational knowledge creation integrates context, knowledge assets, and knowledge creation processes throughout the organization. Using organizational knowledge creation theory as an organizing framework, we conduct a literature review that shows prior work has focused on the role of central, upper‐echelon, leadership in knowledge creation processes, without devoting much attention to context and knowledge assets. To remedy these weaknesses, we develop a new framework for situational leadership in organizational knowledge creation. The framework is based on a continuum that ranges from centralized to distributed leadership at three layers of activity: a core layer of local knowledge creation; a conditional layer that provides the resources and context for knowledge creation; and a structural layer that forms the overall frame and direction for knowledge creation in the organization. We discuss the implications of this framework for theory and practice. 相似文献
110.
In this paper the extended growth curve model is considered. The literature comprises two versions of the model. These models can be connected by one-to-one reparameterizations but since estimators are non-linear it is not obvious how to transmit properties of estimators from one model to another. Since it is only for one of the models where detailed knowledge concerning estimators is available (Kollo and von Rosen, Advanced multivariate statistics with matrices. Springer, Dordrecht, 2005) the object in this paper is therefore to present uniqueness properties and moment relations for the estimators of the second model. One aim of the paper is also to complete the results for the model presented in Kollo and von Rosen (Advanced multivariate statistics with matrices. Springer, Dordrecht, 2005). The presented proofs of uniqueness for linear combinations of estimators are valid for both models and are simplifications of proofs given in Kollo and von Rosen (Advanced multivariate statistics with matrices. Springer, Dordrecht, 2005). 相似文献