The long run,market power and retail pricing

The paper examines the existence of market power in the respective pork and poultry (white meat) meat markets in Austria by means of the Johansen cointegration technique. The existence of market power in pork retail pricing is revealed. Poultry retail pricing is, however, found to be competitive. The result for pork is attributed to tradition and to the high pre-EU border protection rates. The paper also revealed the versatility of the Johansen cointegration technique as a tool capable of analysing both competitive and imperfect market situations. The paper recommends meat policy to be product specific rather than holistic.First version received: March 2000/Final version received: May 2003The research on which this article is based began in 1995 at the Federal Institute of Agricultural Economics, Vienna, with the support of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. An earlier version of the paper was presented at the 264^th NFJ Seminar, Alnarp, Sweden, 1996. The author is grateful to Karl M. Ortner for the data and to Robert M. Kunst, Karl M. Ortner, Martin Wagner and seminar participants for useful comments on earlier drafts.     

The Fiscal Impact of Immigrants in Austria – A Generational Accounting Analysis

In this paper, we employ generational accounting to analyse the inter-temporal stance of Austrian public finance in 1998 as well as the inter-temporal fiscal impact of immigration to Austria. Immigrants affect inter-temporal fiscal balance in essentially two ways. Firstly, they have a demographic effect in enlarging the population (and thus the tax base) and in altering its age- (and gender-) composition. Secondly, they change the fiscal characteristics of age cohorts due to a representative immigrant exhibiting higher or lower tax and transfer payments than a representative native of the same age and gender. The overall fiscal effect of immigration is found positive, under the assumption that the age and fiscal characteristics of future immigrants resemble those of the current immigrant population in Austria. This is due to a favourable age composition and lower per capita net transfer receipts during retirement age, which compensate for lower per capita net tax payments during working age. However, immigration is not likely to achieve inter-temporal fiscal balance, even if immigration increases or migrants are screened by skill or age.     

Skill Intensity in Foreign Trade and Economic Growth

This paper explores the link between trade structure, trade specialization and per capita income growth. It is argued that industrial upgrading in export specialization patterns has a positive long-run growth effect, while the effect of structural change in industrial import patterns is in principle ambiguous. A standard empirical growth model is augmented by various measures of structural change. The hypothesis that not trade per se matters, but that various types of trading activities impact differently on economic growth is tested on a sample of 45 countries (OECD members and selected Asian and Latin American countries) over the period 1981–1997. The data set comprises exports and imports for 35 manufacturing industries at the 3-digit level of the ISIC classification which are grouped according to skill intensity. The results of the dynamic panel estimation point towards a positive long-run growth effect arising from trade specialization in medium-high-skill-intensive industries. Further, important distinctions between the skill intensity of export and import patterns and their respective influence on economic development, as well as between the group of developing countries and OECD members are observed in this relationship.JEL classification: C23, F43, O19, O41, O57The author is grateful to Michael Landesmann and Robert Stehrer (wiiw), Neil Foster and Jesús Crespo Cuaresma (Department of Economics, University of Vienna), Michael Peneder (Austrian Institute of Economic Research) and two referees for valuable comments. This research is based on Jubiläumsfondsprojekt Nr. 8954, financial support by Oesterreichische Nationalbank is gratefully acknowledged.     

全面提升税务教育培训工作质量的思考

税务教育培训旨在提高税务人员综合素质和岗位技能，使其发挥更大潜力以提高工作质量和效率，最终实现税务机关良好的组织效能。随着国家《干部教育培训工作条例（试行）》的实施，税务教育培训正朝着法定化、科学化、规范化的方向迅速发展。全面提高培训项目质量和教学水平，既是税务教育培训目标的内在要求，也是做好培训工作的关键。作为施教机构，培训质量也是我校可持续发展的生命力。我们应该牢固树立质量第一意识，围绕提高培训质量，积极探索和实践。     

项目投资财务评价的贴现现金流量法及运用

项目投资财务评价的贴现现金流量法(简称DCF法),主要有净现值法、现值指数法和内含报酬率法三种基本方法,目前学术界对于某一具体方案究竟应采用何种方法进行评价存在着不尽相同的观点.本文旨在从DCF法的基本目标与基础假设入手,在对方案进行适当而又必要的分类的基础上,寻求投资项目正确合适的评价方法.     

Technical risk and new product success: An empirical test in high technology business markets

Following a methodology similar to the one used in Cooper's NewProd studies, this study examines the impact of technical risk on the ability to predict new product success in high technology business markets. Cooper's original 48 new product characteristics along with 10 new items measuring technical risk are used in examining 406 actual industrial new product success and failures. The findings show the importance of the addition of technical risk assessment in predicting the potential success or failure of new high technology industrial products.     

篇二世界高速铁路发展趋势

自1964年日本建成世界上第一条高速铁路东京至大阪高速铁路,40多年来,高速铁路从无到有,迅速发展.据不完全统计,截至2005年12月,全世界运营中的高速铁路营业里程总长达6 393 km,这些线路分布在10个国家和地区.21世纪的铁路运输业将会出现轮轨系高速铁路的全面发展,全球性高速铁路网建设的时期已经到来.     

辉煌的成就伟大的创举——青藏铁路建成通车纪念A篇:进藏铁路前期工作回顾

回顾进藏铁路决策过程和青藏铁路格尔木至拉萨段前期工作,借鉴青藏铁路经验,认为当前做好大规模铁路建设前期工作必须把握铁路发展方向,满足国家和社会需要,必须牢固树立科学发展观,科学决策,必须依靠科技进步,依靠和动员社会各界力量,做好各项工作,推进铁路跨越式发展.     

辉煌的成就伟大的创举——青藏铁路建成通车纪念B篇:青藏铁路建成通车将加快改变西藏交通运输的面貌

介绍西藏交通运输的概况及存在的问题,提出经济社会的发展对西藏交通运输的要求,从6个方面详述了青藏铁路的建设对改善西藏交通发挥的重要作用.     

E篇 "十一五"铁路建设资金来源可靠经济效益良好

1"十一五"铁路建设资金来源可靠 实施"十一五"铁路网规划需要投入12 500亿元以上,短期内投入如此庞大的资金压力确实很大.但是,按照"政府主导、多元化投资、市场化运作"的铁路投资体制改革总体思路,通过实现铁路投资体制和融资机制创新,资金问题能够解决.主要资金来源按三个部分分析如下.