Ethical aspects of an urban catastrophe

As a consequence of the collapse of a building in Barcelona, in December 1990, it was discovered that a large number of dwellings, mainly in Barcelona but also in other towns of Catalonia, were affected by a structural defect known as aluminosis, consisting of a deterioration of the reinforced concrete manufactured using aluminous cement, which considerably reduced its strength and that of the steel embedded in the concrete. This brought to light a series of economic, social, political and also moral problems, such as the use of the aluminous cement itself — a quality product but which requires careful handling —, the lack of regulation concerning the product and its use in construction, the poor state of repair of the buildings affected, the careless manner in which they had been built, the lag in technical knowledge, the financial situation of the people affected by the aluminosis, etc.This document provides a full account of the events and their historical, technical, economic and legal background, paying particular attention to the ethical problems created by the situation.Antonio Argandoña is Professor at IESE, the International Graduate School of Management of the University of Navarra in Barcelona (Spain), where he teaches Economics and Business Ethics. He is a member of the Executive Committee of EBEN (European Business Ethics Network), and of the Organizing Committees of the Second (Barcelona, 1989) and Sixth (Oslo, 1993) European Conferences on Business Ethics. He is also co-editor ofPeople in Corporations: Ethical Responsibilities and Corporate Effectiveness (Kluwer, 1990) and author of many articles on business and economics ethics. This article was presented to the Fifth European Conference on Business Ethics (Paris, October 1992).     

China''''s Cooperative Exploration of Oil and Gas and Its Taxation System

China' s foreign-oriented oil taxation system has, from the beginning, been based upon the positive experiences of other oil-producing countries and has incorporated common international practices. The system has been perfected over decades. It of fers more incentives than other oil-producing countries in the following four aspects: (1) Income tax has a "wide tax base and low tax rate"; (2) VAT levies a low tax rate on ma-     

Congestion effects in a public-good economy

This paper considers a public-good economy with congestion, where participants jointly produce a public good from input of a private good. This economic model gives rise to a transferable-utility game, the profit game, that depends on consumer preferences and a congestion parameter. The simplicity of the game allows the maximum level of congestion that guarantees the nonemptiness of the core of the economy to be determined. It is known that the sustainability of the Lindahl equilibrium in the core of the economy depends on the distribution of profits. In this paper two distributions of profits are compared: the Lindahl solution and the marginal-contribution solution. The latter is more often in the core than the Lindahl solution which in turn Lorenz-dominates the marginal-contribution solution.     

注册会计师考试有关问题解答

问：2002年度注册会计师全国统一考试已经结束了，各科的合格率都是多少呢？答：在2002年注册会计师全国统一考试中共有37.4万人、69.8万人科次参加考试，五科的平均出考率为44.29%。各科合格人数及合格率分别为：会计22221人，10.89%，审计26400人，33.33%；财务成本管理10233人，9.34%；经济法47542人，32.06%；税法18272人，11.65%。全国共有91人在这次考试中取得五科的全部合格成绩。问：我已经查询到2002年度注册会计师全国统一考试的成绩了，但成绩结果是“－3”，请问这是什么原因呢，难道还有倒扣分的问题吗？答：根据注册会计师全…     

英国和德国的会计师行业考察报告

行业管理现状英国是注册会计师职业的发源地，经过一百多年的发展，已经形成了一套较为完善的行业管理体制(参见图1、图2)。概括起来有以下几个方面的内容：1.法律规范方面。1845年，英国修改《公司法》时明确规定了“公司的账目应当由会计师审计”。这是世界上第一次以法律的形式确立的会计师审计制度。1991年10月1日起，英国又在修订后的《公司法》中明确规定，实行审计资格注册制度，即特许会计师只有取得审计资格后，才能从事审计业务，同时，会计师事务所要承办审计业务，也必须取得审计资格。从而以立法的形式规范了会计师的执业条件…     

荷兰和意大利注册会计师行业考察报告

注册会计师行业管理的法律依据荷兰注册会计师行业管理的法律依据主要是1962年制定的《荷兰注册会计师法》以及荷兰注册会计师协会制定的各种规章制度。另外,由于荷兰是欧盟成员国,也是国际会计师联合会成员,因此国际会计师联合会和欧盟关于其成员国的一些规定(主要体现在执业准则、考试、培训以及资格互认等方面),荷兰注册会计师行业也要遵守。 注册会计师管理体制荷兰注册会计师行业管理实行的是行业自我管理为主的模式。对注册会计师行业进行监督的政府部门主要是经济事务部,其他部门如财政部、司法部等也会在某些方面对行业…     

关于修改《注册会计师法》的几点意见

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立和不断完善,我国注册会计师行业也得到了迅速发展,出现了很多新情况、新问题,现行《注册会计师法》的很多内容已明显不适应注册会计师事业发展的客观需要,为此,我省财政厅专门成立了课题组,经过广泛调研,现对《注册会计师法》提出以下修改意见。 建立合理规范的注册会计师行业监管体系近年来,会计师事务所审计失败事件、验资纠纷事件时有发生,使得注册会计师行业受到社会的广泛关注和重视。由于《注册会计师法》对注册会计师行业的监管体制没有相应的规定,各相关职能部门的管理职责划分不清,没有问题的…     

解决不良贷款问题需要综合治理

本文结合国有商业银行处理不良贷款工作的实际，以及商业银行实际的财务成果，参照发达国家商业银行的一些指标，选择了不良贷款治理诸因素的区间，证明在目前的环境下仅靠银行治理不良贷款，对银行来说要求很高，笔者认为，在我国向外资金融机构全面开放之前，解决不良贷款问题的目标是要在党中央、国务院的统一领导下，政府、银行、企业共同努力，运用各方面的资源，从银行法人治理结构、社会信用、政府支持、市场创新诸方面综合治理，为治理不良贷款提供一个良好的环境支持。     

提升经营层次推行扁平化管理--从农业银行安徽省分行改革实践探索现代商业银行扁平化管理模式

本文分析了农业银行现行组织模式的弊端,通过安微分行扁平化管理改革的实践探讨了农业银行提升经营层次、推行扁平化管理的具体措施,包括组织框架、业务流程、信息网络以及企业文化等方面的改革方向.本文还对农业银行扁平化管理改革中遇到的一些问题进行了分析,提出了解决问题的政策建议.