基本建设投资须量力而行

去年底,自治区质量技术监督局副局长斯拉木率调研组,对吐鲁番地区局及所属托克逊县局、巴州局及所属轮台县局和和硕县局的基本建设情况进行调研。调研组成员实地考察了各单位的现有住房和正在建设中的基本建设工程,并听取各单位领导计划投资的基本意向和当前资金使用状况,既准确地掌握了实际情况,又从中得出一些启示。     

还原病毒营销真相

要可靠地设计出具有病毒性特征的信息是极端困难的，要预测出哪些特定的个人一定会传播这些信息也是如此。[编者按]     

信息·全球化·中国经济

阿克尔洛夫、斯彭斯和斯蒂格利茨的分析理论用途广泛，既适用于对传统的农业市场的分析研究，也适用于对现代金融市场的分析研究。同时，他们的理论还构成了现代信息经济的核心。     

频率不受运放参数影响的文氏桥振荡器

本文介绍一组（12个）新的正弦振荡器，这组振荡器使用两个运算放大器，其振荡频率不受单极点有源元件增益带宽之积的影响。这种特性是由本文所介绍的电路结构取得的，即不需要调节。     

识别“陷阱条款”的27条妙计

“陷阱条款”是指试图把信用证从付款工具转变为非付款工具的信用证条款或措辞。这样的条款也称作软条款。而在信用证中加上一些软条款的不良风气始终无法消除，一旦把这类纠纷诉诸法庭，则受益的只有律师。因而了解这些陷阱的伎俩应该可以作为有效的预防措施之一。为了让读对如何识别和避免这类陷阱有一个更清晰的理解，这里提供一份我在过去28     

AFAS框架下的东南亚金融服务自由化

东盟服务贸易框架协定（AFAS）是东盟（ASEAN）成员国之间关于服务贸易合作的一个区域性协定。AFAS是在1995年举行的东盟第15次峰会上签署的。协议旨在通过消除区域内的贸易限制以及扩展服务贸易总协定（GATS）规定以外的服务贸易自由化的范围，以此增强成员国之间在服务贸易领域的合作。     

Households,history and black urbanisation: response to Graaff

A critique of a recent article by J. F. de V. Graaff concerning urbanization of blacks in South Africa is presented. A reply by Graaff (pp. 402-4) is included.     

The environment for development

This overview of the World Bank 1992 World Development Report reveals some of the means to close the gap between policy and practice in linking environmental and development policy. The nature of the problem is defined and win-win policies which show mutual support for environment and development concerns are differentiated from negative links. Sound environmental management can be achieved with improved information, enhancing institutional arrangements, and involving local people. The rapid implementation of policies and programs will involve both political and financial costs and a shift in policies and priorities. The challenges ahead are tremendous and include overcoming poverty and turning population growth and environmental pollution around. World consumption of energy and manufactured goods is expected to triple; without curbs on emissions, mortality increases, water shortages, and forest and natural habitat loss will ensue. It is not entirely true that economic activity hurts the environment when positive forces of substitution, technological innovation, and structural change outweigh the negative consequences. Environmental consequences change with income levels. Some problems decline with income increases. Some problems deteriorate temporarily and then improve as incomes rise, i.e., air and water pollution and some types of deforestation and habitat dislocation. Some problems continue to grow with income increases, such as carbon and nitrogen oxide emissions. Win-win policies are ones that foster and end to excessive resource use, clarify property rights and stop open access to land, accelerate education and family planning programs, accelerate agricultural extension and research, and invest in sanitation and water supply. These policies will not sacrifice economic growth. Tradeoffs must be identified and costs and benefits of alternative policies assessed; priorities and standards must be established in consort with costs and benefits. Behavior change can be achieved with properly designed practical and cost-effective policies.