Environmental regulation,total factor productivity,and enterprise duration: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation has been confirmed to have an important impact on enterprise productivity, which is regarded as a crucial factor of enterprise duration. However, existing studies have paid little attention to how environmental regulation affects enterprise duration. Using firm‐level data from the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database (2003–2007) and the stochastic frontier analysis method, we estimate enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) and its four decomposed components (scale efficiency change, technological change, factor allocation efficiency change, and technical efficiency change). Meanwhile, we adopt a comprehensive index to measure the environmental regulation intensity. Furthermore, we use the linear probability model and the proportional hazards model to investigate the effect of environmental regulation on enterprise duration through the mediating role of enterprise TFP. The results show that although environmental regulation per se negatively impacts on enterprise duration, environmental regulation can present a synthetic positive effect on enterprise duration due to its positive effect on enterprise TFP. Specifically, environmental regulation significantly mitigates the scale efficiency and technical efficiency of regulated enterprises. It also stimulates regulated enterprises' technological innovation and improves their factor allocation efficiency. In addition, state‐owned and large‐scale enterprises are more malleable when facing environmental regulations. We propose that the government should encourage enterprises to innovate and improve the allocation efficiency of production factors, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling environmental pollution in stages while extending enterprise duration.     

小议税收征管的信息化管理

一、税收征管信息化建设方面存在的问题1.发展速度缓慢。经过十几年的实践,税收信息化基础设施建设虽已具备一定规模,但距离税收业务高度信息化处理的最终目标还相距甚远,税务机关内部还不能有效地利用现代信息技术,建立税源信息库,以加强税源监控;外部还不能与工商、银行、审计、海天等部门联网实现信息共享,形成社会性的全方位、高效率的税源监控网络。2.发展不平衡。①就目前全国税收信息化建设的情况看,国税系统快于地税系统,全国国税系统计算机四级网络已基本建成,地税系统计算机三级网络建设仅初具规模。②发达地区快于欠发达地区。如…     

Empirical Evidence on the Use of Credit Scoring for Predicting Insurance Losses with Psycho-social and Biochemical Explanations

An important development in personal lines of insurance in the United States is the use of credit history data for insurance risk classification to predict losses. This research presents the results of collaboration with industry conducted by a university at the request of its state legislature. The purpose was to see the viability and validity of the use of credit scoring to predict insurance losses given its controversial nature and criticism as redundant of other predictive variables currently used. Working with industry and government, this study analyzed more than 175,000 policyholders’ information for the relationship between credit score and claims. Credit scores were significantly related to incurred losses, evidencing both statistical and practical significance. We investigate whether the revealed relationship between credit score and incurred losses was explainable by overlap with existing underwriting variables or whether the credit score adds new information about losses not contained in existing underwriting variables. The results show that credit scores contain significant information not already incorporated into other traditional rating variables (e.g., age, sex, driving history). We discuss how sensation seeking and self-control theory provide a partial explanation of why credit scoring works (the psycho-social perspective). This article also presents an overview of biological and chemical correlates of risk taking that helps explain why knowing risk-taking behavior in one realm (e.g., risky financial behavior and poor credit history) transits to predicting risk-taking behavior in other realms (e.g., automobile insurance incurred losses). Additional research is needed to advance new nontraditional loss prediction variables from social media consumer information to using information provided by technological advances. The evolving and dynamic nature of the insurance marketplace makes it imperative that professionals continue to evolve predictive variables and for academics to assist with understanding the whys of the relationships through theory development.     

预约定价与税收公平原则关系之探究

预约定价作为调整跨国公司转移定价的新制度体现了税收效率原则,但这一制度是否同样体现了税收公平原则值得认真研究。本文通过对预约定价与税收公平原则相互关系的剖析,重点考察了预约定价影响税收公平原则的若干因素,并结合我国预约定价的实践,得出了相应的结论。     

A Robust Unsupervised Method for Fraud Rate Estimation

If one is interested in managing fraud, one must measure the fraud rate to be able to assess the degree of the problem and the effectiveness of the fraud management technique. This article offers a robust new method for estimating fraud rate, PRIDIT‐FRE (PRIDIT‐based Fraud Rate Estimation), developed based on PRIDIT, an unsupervised fraud detection method to assess individual claim fraud suspiciousness. PRIDIT‐FRE presents the first nonparametric unsupervised estimator of the actual rate of fraud in a population of claims, robust to the bias contained in an audited sample (arising from the quality or individual hubris of an auditor or investigator, or the natural data‐gathering process through claims adjusting). PRIDIT‐FRE exploits the internal consistency of fraud predictors and makes use of a small audited sample or an unaudited sample only. Using two insurance fraud data sets with different characteristics, we illustrate the effectiveness of PRIDIT‐FRE and examine its robustness in varying scenarios.     

‘Created’ enclaves for enterprise: an empirical study of Singapore's industrial parks in Indonesia,Vietnam and China

The dynamics of globalization have prompted governments to re-examine accustomed policies, and search for alternative strategies, in order to re-position their economies for the future. This paper explores the spatial context of state involvement in the new economics of competition, with the focus on Singapore's much publicized, and controversial, orchestration of its state enterprise network to encapsulate economic space for Singapore-based firms to expand into the Asian region. This strategic initiative is promulgated on the exportability of Singapore's ‘state credibility’, systemic and operational efficiencies, and technological competencies, to locations where these attributes are less certain. A logit model is applied to questionnaire surveys culled from Singapore's industrial-township projects in Indonesia, Vietnam and China and the findings are presented. The authors conclude that the strategic advantage created for the firms within these privileged investment enclaves, although remarkable, is often at risk from the administrative complexities, and socio-political milieux, of the host environments.     

高校财务风险的防范与控制

高校的财务风险又称筹资风险,是指由于举债而给高校财务成果带来的不确定性。有效开展银校合作,实行适度举债办学,是一种客观经济现象,它对于缓解高校事业发展与经费短缺矛盾,实现学校快速发展有着重要的作用。但是,举债经营需还本付息,而高校毕竟不同于企业,不以盈利为目的,收益和偿债能力有限,一旦无力偿付到期债务,高校便会陷入财务困境甚至破产。这就要求高等学校在举债时,必须采取各种措施,防范和控制财务风险的出现。一、树立风险观念学校资金结构中债务所占的比例越大,财务风险就越大。相反,债务比例越小,财务风险就越小。举债的风险…     

贵州省养老服务产业需求与发展障碍调查研究

以问卷调查方式,在对贵州省5个市区养老服务机构进行走访调查的基础上,分析了贵州省养老服务产业的供给与需求概况,提出促进养老服务产业发展的建议,主要包括完善城乡基本养老保险制度,促进区域经济协调展;加大政策宣传力度,改变养老传统观念;整合资源供给,实现医养结合优势互补;精确服务定位,提升养老机构服务水平。     

浅析后金融危机时代中国经济发展前景与走势

由美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机深刻影响世界与中国。在后金融危机时代中,中国经济发展前景和走势如何,如何找准中国定位并制定相应策略以促进中国经济可持续发展成为当今学界研究的重中之重,也为进一步拓宽并延展中国自身经济转型研究提供思路和分析。     

产能过剩影响商业银行不良贷款率的机制--基于各省市面板数据的实证研究

选取2005年到2014年中国31个省级单位面板数据,采用静态面板和动态面板计量模型,分别从企业存货规模和产能利用率两个角度实证考察了产能过剩与不良贷款率的关系。研究结果表明:企业存货规模变动对商业银行不良贷款影响显著为正,产能利用率对商业银行不良贷款影响显著为负;由此表明,产能过剩是引起商业银行不良贷款规模上升的重要原因。据此,建议政府坚定不移的推动去产能步伐,以有效控制产能过剩带来的金融风险。