A Social Exchange Perspective on Business Ethics: An Application to Knowledge Exchange

An extensive body of literature in sociology and anthropology has shown that different societies have developed different structures for exchange of items such as goods, status and information. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how social exchange theory can help illuminate many of the underlying bases of different ethical perspectives in debates about social exchanges. Social exchange theory is applied to three common types of knowledge exchange – R&D joint ventures, commercial intellectual property exchange and academic exchange. Two key factors that underlie different ethical perspectives are shown to be differences in structures for social exchange and differences in views of the alienability of knowledge from its originator.     

The psychosocial behaviour of young Spanish smokers

This paper studies the psychosocial behaviour of Spanish smokers between the ages of 14 and 18, with the aim of identifying the factors associated with both the decision to consume tobacco and the quantities to consume. To that end, a Type II Tobit model is used, which is estimated by using data drawn from the Spanish Surveys on Drug Use in the School Population corresponding to 1994, 1996, and 1998. The results show that the two decisions are strongly associated with a number of psychosocial determinants. In particular, evidence was found that the probability of smoking and the quantity consumed are positively related to variables such as the age of the adolescent, his/her disposable income, or education failure. The estimates also show that the realization of informative campaigns about the risk of tobacco and other substance abuse reduces both the proportion of smokers and the number of cigarettes consumed.     

Diversification cones, trade costs and factor market linkages

This paper finds non-uniform differences in the distribution functions of factor usage intensities among 10 rich OECD countries. The 10 countries form three distinct groups such that the between-group differences are more pronounced than within-group differences and capital-abundant countries are in capital-abundant groups. The estimation works even if the same industry codes represent different goods across countries in the data. The finding is consistent with the multiple-cone factor proportions theory with zero trade costs with each group being one cone. An alternative interpretation is non-zero trade costs. Both interpretations imply weak factor market linkages between the countries in different groups.     

专项转移支付漏损的理论分析与实证检验

近年来,政府间专项转移支付作为一项改善特定公共产品供给效率,促进公平的政策手段在教育、卫生、社会保障等领域得到了广泛运用.但是,一些资料也表明大量的专项转移支付并没有用在指定项目上,而是被转移到其他用途.文章从制度比较、行为分析的角度时转移支付漏损的成因、特征与影响进行了理论阐述,并以1998年至2001年中央政府时地方的教育专项转移支付为例进行了实证检验,最后提出相应的对策思考与进一步的研究方向.     

订单农业对农户的影响总是有效吗?——买方垄断和非垄断市场订单农业参与效果的对比研究

订单农业作为促进我国现代农业发展和农业价值链转型升级的有效策略,近年来受到广泛的关注和采纳。但其在不同市场条件下对参与农户的影响效果是否一致是一个有争议的问题。文章以山东、山西、宁夏三省非垄断特征市场下千余农户样本和内蒙古自治区H市具有买方垄断特征的生鲜乳市场下的农户样本为例,采用PSM方法分别分析了订单农业对农户农业成本收入和农业服务可得性的影响。结果发现,非垄断市场下订单农业的影响效果显著优于买方垄断市场。     

社区社会化养老服务需求与供给偏离的现状及影响因素研究

随着中国人均寿命的不断提升,养老问题日益凸显。基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）项目2005年—2018年间的5期数据,采用描述性统计分析社区社会化服务需求与供给偏离的现状,运用面板Logit模型分析其影响因素。实证研究发现:在供需偏离方面,社区社会化养老服务需求一直大于供给,其中生活照料服务和精神文化服务缺口最明显;在需求与供给偏离的影响因素方面,居住地、子女性别结构、锻炼频率对总偏离有显著的正向影响,受教育状况对总偏离有显著的负向影响。     

棉花贸易中虚拟土地资源核算及“潜力”预测研究

本文针对中国棉花单位面积产量和进出口贸易问题,运用虚拟土地资源核算和灰色Verhulst模型预测法,对中国棉花贸易中的虚拟土地资源进行研究,并预测其发展趋势。研究结果表明:1992~2013年棉花贸易中中国是虚拟土地资源净进口国;中国棉花净进口虚拟土地资源占比较高;中国棉花进口即棉花贸易中的虚拟土地资源未来会继续增加,但是增长速率有所放缓。