The origins of structuralism

Starting out from I. M. D. Little's recent categorization of development economics as ‘neo-classical versus structuralist’, this article makes three points. First, it traces the origins of structuralism in this broad sense in the emergence of the doctrine of market failure in England during the 1930s and 1940s. Secondly, it indicates the links between this line of thought and the Latin American structuralist theory of inflation. Finally, it takes up W. A. Lewis's suggestion that the severity of the inflation problem in Chile was due not so much to structural factors which it had in common with much less inflation-prone LDCs but rather to the strength of organized interest groups making competing income claims.     

Book Reviews

Stephan Haggard (2000), The Political Economy of the Asian Financial Crisis, Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, pp. xvii + 272.

Colin Barlow (ed.) (1999), Institutions and Economic Change in Southeast Asia: The Context of Development from the 1960s to the 1990s, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. xi + 204.

Asian Policy Forum, Asian Development Bank Institute (Forum Secretariat) (2000), Policy Recommendations for Preventing Another Capital Account Crisis, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, pp. ii + 16.

Masaru Yoshitomi and Sayuri Shirai (2000), Technical Background Paper for Policy Recommendations for Preventing Another Capital Account Crisis, Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, pp. ii + 85.     

Drivers,barriers and success factors of academic spin-offs: a systematic literature review

Management Review Quarterly - The considerable economic contribution of academic spin-offs (ASOs) has drawn numerous scholars’ attention to explore the factors that influence their...     

Measuring the Carbon Intensity of the South African Economy

We estimate the carbon intensity of industries, products and households in South Africa using data from a high resolution supply‐use table. Direct and indirect carbon usage is measured using multiplier methods that capture inter‐industry linkages and multi‐product supply chains. Carbon intensity is found to be high for exports but low for major employing sectors. Middle‐income households are the most carbon‐intensive consumers. These results suggest that carbon pricing policies (without border tax adjustments) would adversely affect export earnings, but should not disproportionately hurt workers or poorer households. Seven percent of emissions arise through marketing margins, implying that carbon pricing should be accompanied by supporting public policies and investments.     

DOHA DEVELOPMENT ROUND: REACHING BEYOND TRADE LIBERALIZATION

Abstract.  While the WTO process of multilateral trade liberalization encounters increasing resistance, in part because the most difficult issues have finally risen to the top of the agenda, market-based forces are contributing to international economic integration. One of the most potent is cross-border production networks. This paper explores the implications of such networks for trade policies and development strategies. It argues that participation in production networks requires trade policy adjustments and domestic reforms that can and should be undertaken unilaterally and that such changes will improve the climate for WTO negotiations.     

Grain transport and rural credit in Mozambique: solving the space–time problem

This paper shows how credit market failures can lead to large welfare losses in grain markets by inducing increased transport for seasonal storage in locations with low credit costs. The burden of these welfare losses falls primarily on rural households. These conclusions are obtained from a spatial/temporal model solved using a mixed complementarity formulation that easily handles interest rate differentials across space. Efforts to address credit market failures and to improve the efficiency of rural storage should be given priority as opposed to the creation of large, formal sector grain collection centers.